4 Dysmorphology and Teratogens Flashcards
what is a malformation?
poor formation of tissue
- intrinsically abnormal developmental process
- likely to be genetic
what is a deformation?
unusual force on normally maturing tissue
-club foot, overlapping toes, torticollis
what is a disruption?
breakdown of normal tissue (could get an umbilical cord wrap)
what is a dysplasia?
abnormal organization of cells in tissue
what is a syndrome?
multiple anomalies thought to be pathogenically related
what is a sequence?
a casacade of effect from a single known anomaly or mechanical factor
what is a field defect
derived from the disturbance of a single developmental field which then affects the fields around it
what is association
the non-random occurrence of multiple anomalies that can not be explained by chance
what are multiple congenital anomalies?
two or more structural primary defects in 2 or more body areas / embryologically different areas
what is the difference betweem a syndrome, sequence, and association?
syndrome: genetic factors
sequence: mechanical
association: unknown
what is the piere robin sequence?
micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft -palate
what is the potter sequence?
lack of fetal urine, anhydromnios, fetal compression, pulmonary hypoplasia, death
OEIS and holoprocencephaly are examples of what?
field defect
what is vacterl?
- vertebral anomalies, anal atresio, cardiovascular, tracheoesophogeal fistula, esohpogeal atresia, renal, limb
- An Assoiation disorder (unknown cause)
in the first semester, wht affect do teratogens typically have?
malformations?
in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, what affect do teratogens have?
cognitive
what does acutane cause?
- teratogen
- heart defects, cranial nerve palsies, absence of cerebral vermis
