2 Mendelian and Mitochondrial Inheritance Flashcards
(34 cards)
what is unit inheritance?
parental phenotypes do not blend
segregation?
only one copy of each pair of genes is passed on
achondroplasia:
-inheritance?
-symptoms
-
- dominant
- short arms, legs, large head
- intelligence and life span normal
what is a tell tale sign of daminant inheritance on a pedigree?
every generation effected
what is variable expressivity?
the disease or condition can present with different or varying phenotypes (Marfans)
Marfans:
- inheritance
- physiology
- mortality
- mendel dominant
- connective tissue disorder, bone overgrowth and join laxity
- ruptured aorta
what is incomplete penetrance?
not everyone with the mutation will produce the phenotype (BRCA, and many other cancer mutations)
when are new (de novo) mutations common?
- occur at hot spots in the genome
- more common when the father is older, his sperm will begin to acrew more mutations
cystic fibrosis: -inheritance? -systems effected? -reproductive issues? -
- recessive
- primarily lung and GI
- 95% of males are infertile due to flagella not functioning (Cl channel required)
if only one generation is affected on the pedigree, what could this mean?
recessive inheritance
recessive traits have less variability than dominant traits T/F
True, and penetrance is usually complete
Sickle Cell Anemia:
- inheritance
- ethnic predis
- clinical manifestation
- autosomal recessive
- prominent in african americans
- pain crises, organ damage
hemophilia: -inheritance -deficiency in what protein -where does bleeding occur -
- X linked recessive
- def in factor 8 or 9 depending on type
- internally, in joints or muscles
are females or males more likely to be affected by x linked recessive disorders?
males
what transmission is not possible in x linked recessive disorders?
male to male
what is lyonization?
the inactivation of one x chromosome in female cells
-this could be random (50/50) or skewed, leading to a phenotype in carriers of an x linked recessive condition
Duchenne muscular dystrophy:
- inheritance
- symptoms
- x linked recessive
- progressive degen of skeletal muscle, seemingly hypertrophic
would a female karyotype of 45, X leave this woman more susceptible to x linked recessive diseases?
yes
in what scenarios are females affected by X linked recessive traits?
- has a 45, X karyotype
- skewed X inactivation
- affected father and carrier mother (rare)
- the condition may also have a non-x-linked cause
incontinentia pigmenti:
- inheritance
- systems effected
- symptoms
- x linked dominant
- skin, hair, nails, eyes, and CNS. Skin lesions, alopecia, hypodontia, cognitive delays/disabilities
are males or females more likely to be affected by x linked dominant inheritance?
Females
-often lethal in males
where are the genes for ox phos found?
nuceleus, not the mitochondria
where do the mitochondrial genes come from
mother’s oocyte, not father’s sperm
what is MELAS?
- inheritance
- features
- mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- hearing loss, diabetes, seizures, intellectual disability
