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[OS 206] 2nd Lecture Exam > [4] Digestion and Absorption > Flashcards

[4] Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Small Intestine Surface Area gets amplified how many times?

A

600x

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2
Q

Composition:

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

A

Glu-Fru
Glu-Gal
Glu-Glu

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3
Q

Carbohydrates compose what % of our diet

A

50-60%

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4
Q

What is more effective? Ptaylin or Pancreatic Amylase?

A

Ptyalin: 20-40%
Pancreatic Amylase: 50-80%

% Digestion

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5
Q

Triglycerides require _____ and _____ to become ____ and ____

A

Colipase and Lipase

Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides

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6
Q

Phospholipids require _____ to become ____ and ____

A

Phospholipase A2

Fatty Acids and Lysolecithin

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7
Q

In a normal intestine which is greater? Absorption or Secretion?

A

Absorption > Secretion

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8
Q

SCFA’s are taken up by?

A

Colonocytes

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9
Q

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A

ADEK

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10
Q

Where are Bile Acids and Vitamin B12 absorbed?

A

Ileum

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11
Q

What do you need to properly absorb Calcium?

A

Vitamin D

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12
Q

Should you take calcium before, during, or after meals?

A

2 hours after

Some food can interfere with Ca uptake

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13
Q

What state is it easier to uptake iron in? Ferrous or Ferric?

A

Ferrous (Fe2+)

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14
Q

What can decrease iron absorption?

A

Tannins (Non-herbal Teas)

Phytates, wheat, and other cereals

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15
Q

What is the storage form of iron in the body?

A

Ferritin

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16
Q

Best site of absorption of Carbohydrates?

A

Duodenum

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17
Q

[Effect on Absorption]

  1. Lipid Solubility
  2. Size
  3. Presence of Special Carrier
  4. Electrochemical Gradient
A
    • = +
  2. Smaller = +
  3. W/ special carriers = +
    • = +
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18
Q

Effect of Plicae Circulares on Surface Area

A

x3

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19
Q

Effect of Villi on Surface Area

A

x10

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20
Q

Effect of Microvilli on Surface Area

A

x20

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21
Q

How is sucrose digested?

A

Membrane Digestion

Occurs at the immediate vicinity of the brush border

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22
Q

How are proteins digested?

A

Luminal Digestion

With proteases occuring within GI lumen

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23
Q

How are some tri and dipeptides absorbed?

A

Intracellular Hydrolysis

24
Q

How are triglycerides taken up?

A

Luminal hydrolysis by lipase -> Simple diffusion to enterocyte -> Intracellular resynthesis into triglyceride

25
Q

[T/F]

Lipids have brush border digestion

26
Q

How many g/day of Carbohydrates should be consumed?

A

250-800g/day

27
Q

Luminal Digestion Enzymes Components

A

Ptyalin: 20-40%

Pancreatic Amylase: 60-80%

28
Q

Enzyme found in the mouth

A

Salivary alpha-amylase

29
Q

% of starch digestion in the mouth

30
Q

Enzyme found in the Duodenum

A

Pancreatic alpha-amylase

31
Q

What breaks down disaccharides in the duodenum?

A

Brush Borders

32
Q

How are Glucose and Galactose transported?

A

Enter through the apical side together with Na+ through SGLT-1 (Sodium Glucose Transporter 1)

33
Q

How many sodium ions to one glucose or galactose?

A

2 Na+ : 1 GLU/GAL

34
Q

How is Fructose absorbed?

35
Q

How do Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose pass the basolateral side to the interstitial space?

A

GLUT-2 Facilitated Diffusion

36
Q

Order of Absorbability of Monosaccharides

A 
Galactose
Glucose
Fructose
Mannose
Xylose
Arabinose
37
Q

Daily Dietary Protein Requirement

A

0.5-0.7g/kg

38
Q

[Endogenous Proteins]

Amount per day?
Where are they from?

A

30-40g/day
From secretory proteins and desquamated cells

Sources of the protein in stools

39
Q

[Exogenous Proteins]

Amount per day?
Where are they from?

A

70-100g/day

Dietary Proteins

40
Q

Where does protein digestion start?

41
Q

Proteins are acted upon by _____ to produce _______?

A

Pepsin

Proteoses, peptones, and polypeptides

42
Q

Proteoses, peptones, and polypeptides are acted upon by ______ to produce _______?

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypolypeptidase, proelastase

Polypeptides + Amino Acids

43
Q

Polypeptides + Amino Acids are acted upon by _____ to produce ______

A

Peptidases

Amino Acids

44
Q

Complete digestion of food requires?

A

Pancreatic and Brush Border Enzymes

45
Q

What activates Trypsin?

A

Enterokinase

46
Q

Where are enterokinases produced?

A

Duodenum and Jejunum

47
Q

What is the transport protein for di/tripeptides?

48
Q

Common Cause of Fat Malabsorption

A

Obstruction of common bile duct or tumor in the pancreatic head/bile duct

49
Q

Function: Colipase

A

Anchors lipase displayed by bile acids

50
Q

Phospholipids are acted upon by ______ to become ______ and ______

A

Phospholpase A2

Fatty Acids and Lysolecithin

51
Q

Cholesterol Esters (CE) are acted upon by _______ to become _______ and ________

A

Cholesterol Esterase

Fatty Acids and Cholesterol

52
Q

Gastric Lipase is responsible for what % of fat digestion?

53
Q

Can chylomicrons enter the capillary?

A

No, because they are too large.

Only Medium-Chain FAs can go into capillaries

54
Q

Define: Steatorrhea

A

Failure of fat absorption due to the lack of bile

55
Q

Where is sodium mainly absorbed?

A

Small Intestine and Colon

56
Q

Where are vitamins absorbed?

A

Proximal Portion of the Small Intestine

[OS 206] 2nd Lecture Exam (7 decks)

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