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[OS 206] 2nd Lecture Exam > [3] GI Motility > Flashcards

[3] GI Motility Flashcards

1
Q

Function: Upper Esophageal Sphincter

A

Prevent reflux of food into the respiratory tree

Prevent too much air coming in when we breathe

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2
Q

Why don’t we want too much air in our gut?

A

Prevent feeling full

Avoid increased abdominal pressure

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3
Q

Function: Lower Esophageal Sphincter

A

Prevents reflux of food

Allows food to enter the stomach

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4
Q

Which is more important for incontinence? Internal or External Anal Sphincter?

A

Internal: About 80%

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5
Q

What controls electrical activity and coordinates it in the GI Tract?

A

Cells of Cajal

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6
Q

Contraction uses about how much % of the energy of striated muscle?

A

1%

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7
Q

What activates Myosin Light-Chain Kinase?

A

Ca2+ + Calmodulin

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8
Q

2 Basic Types of Electrical Activity of GI Smooth Muscle

A

Slow Waves

Spike Potentials

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9
Q

At what action potential will a spike be generated?

A

< - 40mV

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10
Q

What stimulates spikes?

A

Stretch
Acetylcholine
Parasympathetics

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11
Q

Types of GI Movements

A

Phasic

Tonic

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12
Q

Define: Phasic GI Movement

A

Short, rhythmic, and promotes efficient mixing and transit of chyme

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13
Q

Define: Tonic GI Movement

A

Long, sustained, serve to limit flow or provide reservoir

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14
Q

What is responsible for Orad Contraction?

A

ACh and Tachykinins

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15
Q

What is responsible for Caudad Contraction?

A

VIP and Nitric Oxide

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16
Q

What do you call the rumblies in your tumsies?

A

Migratory Motor Complex

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17
Q

What initiates the rumblies?

A

Motilin

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18
Q

Phases of MMC

A

I: Quescence

II: Irregular contractions fail to propel luminal contents but contractive activity increases

III: 5-10 minutes, intense luminally occlusive contractions; pylorus fully open allowing clearance of indigestible residues

19
Q

Extrinsic Regulator of GI Motility

A

ANS
Parasympathetic: Vagus, Pelvic Nerves
Sympathetic: Thoracolumbar Portion of Spinal Cord

20
Q

Why are malignancies not common in the small bowel?

A

Food passes through it pretty quickly

21
Q

What produces primary peristalsis of the esophagus?

A

Swallowing

22
Q

What relaxes during swallowing?

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Stomach

23
Q

Would you feel hungry or full if your stomach is not relaxing when you swallow?

A

Full

24
Q

What muscle is located in the UES

A

Cricopharyngeus

25
Q

Describe the Esophagus at Rest

A

Like a sausage, UES and LES with tonic contractions

26
Q

Control of UES and LES

A

UES: Nervous
LES: Nervous + Hormonal

27
Q

UES Pressure Increased By

A

Respiration
Distention
Stress

28
Q

UES Pressure Decreased By

A

Sleep

Anesthesia

29
Q

Most common cause of Gastroesophageal Reflux

A

Transient LES Relaxation

30
Q

Function: Proximal Stomach

A

Storage

31
Q

Why does vagotomy cause patients to feel full faster?

A

The stretching phenomenon of the stomach is mediated by the Vagus

32
Q

Functional: Distal Stomach

A

Mixing and Propulsion of Food

33
Q

What part of the GIT has the most contractility?

A

Stomach: 3
Duodenum: 12
Ileum: 8-9
Colon: 6

Contractions / Minute

34
Q

Gastric Factors that Promote Emptying

A

Components of Gastric Content
Time of Food Intake
Gastrin

35
Q

Gastric Factors that Inhibit Emptying

A

High lipid
High H+ ion
Increased osmolality
Tryptophan

36
Q

General Trend of Reflex Naming

A

If the distal part is the first part of the name, it would be inhibitory

(Enterogastric Reflex: Inhibitory)

37
Q

[Enterogastric Reflex]

Acids cause secretion of?

A

Secretin

38
Q

[Enterogastric Reflex]

Fats cause secretion of?

A

GIP, CCK

39
Q

[Enterogastric Reflex]

Amino Acids/Peptides cause secretion of?

A

Gastrin

40
Q

Define: Vomiting

A

Forceful expulsion contents of stomach and upper intestinal tract

41
Q

What coordinates Vomiting?

A

Vomiting Center in the Medulla

42
Q

At what phase of the MMC does 25% of the Gallbladder secrete bile?

A

Phase II

43
Q

What causes Gallbladder contraction?

A

ACh and CCK

44
Q

What causes Sphincter of Oddi relaxation?

A

CCK

[OS 206] 2nd Lecture Exam (7 decks)

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