4. Communication Models

Question 1

was the first kind of model that experts have made to understand the process of communication.

Answer 1

The linear model

Question 2

It is one-way communication. The speaker sends messages to the receiver with or without effect. Senders can only transmit messages while receivers can only receive the messages and no feedback is expected to happen. Communication may not happen in turns – thus, the lack of feedback is seen in this model. This applies to mass communication.

Answer 2

Unidirectional

Question 3

There is only the beginning and the end and there is no interchanging of roles between the sender and receiver.

Answer 3

Simple

Question 4

This model promotes one-way direction of communication which promotes advice and influence rather than understanding from both receiver and sender.

Answer 4

Persuasion not Mutual understanding

Question 5

This model focuses more on the psychological effects (such as understanding the messages) rather than the social effects (like building the relationship amongst the communicators). There is no assurance that the message was effective because the receiver is only concerned with the delivery of the message and will now know the effect on the receiver/s because of the lack of feedback.

Answer 5

Values psychological over social effects

Question 6

Elements of The Shannon-Weaver model

Answer 6

Information source / Sender
Transmitter/Encoder
Channel
Receptor/ Decoder
Receiver/ Destination
Noise

Question 7

chooses the message/s to be communicated to the receiver and the channel to use and sends the message.

Answer 7

Information source / Sender

Question 8

This changes the message into a signal then sends it over the communication channel

Answer 8

Transmitter/Encoder

Question 9

This is the medium the sender uses to transmit the message/s

Answer 9

Channel

Question 10

Does the opposite of the Encoder. It decodes the message sent over the channel.

Answer 10

Receptor/ Decoder

Question 11

Is the person or group of people who must get the message. They can then provide a feedback which will then reverse their roles.

Answer 11

Receiver/ Destination

Question 12

A kind of disturbance coming from people, the environment, internal knowledge, beliefs, etc. which hinders the receiver from getting and understanding the message.

Answer 12

Noise

Question 13

SMCR meaning

Answer 13

Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver

Question 14

postulated this model from the Shannon- Weaver Information Theory model and emphasized on the encoding and decoding parts of the process.

Answer 14

SMCR model

Question 15

who conceptualized the SMCR model

Answer 15

David Berlo

Question 16

(SMCR) Sender

Answer 16

a) Communication Skills
b) Attitudes
c) Knowledge
d) Social System
e) Culture

Question 17

(SMCR) Message

Answer 17

a) Content
b) Elements
c) Treatment
d) Structure
e) Code

Question 18

(SMCR) Channel

Answer 18

Hearing
Seeing
Touching
Smelling
Taste

Question 19

(SMCR) Receiver

Answer 19

a) Communication Skills
b) Attitudes
c) Knowledge
d) Social System
e) Culture

Question 20

Examples of Linear Communication Models

Answer 20

A. Shannon-Weaver
B. Berlo’s SMCR model

Question 21

Examples of Transactional Communication Models

Answer 21

Dance’s Helix Model
Interactive Communication Model (Schramm’s)

Question 22

The Helical model of communication was conceptualized when and by who?

Answer 22

1967 by Frank Dance

Question 23

“an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone” like a corkscrew or coil that grows bigger and bigger as it moves up.

Answer 23

helix

Question 24

illustrates how the development and growth of communication or communicative actions will always be based on previous experiences or behaviors.

Answer 24

Helix communication model

Question 25

Who said “That communication while moving forward is at the same time coming back to itself and being affected by its past behavior…”

Answer 25

(Dance, 1967)

Question 26

Shows how the knowledge base of a person deepens and expands throughout life. It also shows that a person’s understanding of a message or thought is influenced by external and internal factors that are learned through out life.

Answer 26

Helical model of communication

Question 27

The build-up of experiences to send and receive messages can be explained by

Answer 27

Helical model of communication

Question 28

Interactive Communication Model is also known as?

Answer 28

convergence model

Question 29

emphasizes the coding and decoding components of the process. It also focuses on the cycle of message exchanges between the sender and receiver. The source of the message will need to encode the message while the receiver will need to decode the message.

Answer 29

Interactive Communication Model

Question 30

These messages will always be affected by the “field of experience” - these are communication patterns rising from factors such as psychological, social, cultural, societal or situational experiences or gained knowledge.

Answer 30

Interactive Communication Model

Question 31

This model also takes into consideration noise as a form of barrier in communication.

Answer 31

Interactive Communication Model

Question 32

an example of an Interactive communication model.

Answer 32

Schramm’s communication model, 1954

Question 33

Components of Interactive Communication Model

Answer 33

Sender (transmitter)
Encoder
Decoder
Interpreter
Receiver
Message
Feedback
Medium or media
Noise
Field of experience

Question 34

states that communication is a never- ending process.

Answer 34

Schramm’s communication model, 1954

Question 35

This model emphasizes the encoding and decoding parts of the process.

Answer 35

Schramm’s communication model, 1954

Question 36

It suggests that the role of the receiver and sender will eventually switch with each other as they continue the exchange of messages.

Answer 36

Schramm’s communication model, 1954

Question 37

is seen as an important part of Schramm’s communication model to ensure that communication takes place.

Answer 37

Feedback

Question 38

affects the messages being exchanged.

Answer 38

The field of experience

Question 39

means that the background of the persons involved in the communication process plays a role in how they interpret the messages received or how they encode the messages they will be sending

Answer 39

The field of experience affects the messages being exchanged.

Question 40

This model can be used in Interpersonal and Intrapersonal communication.

Answer 40

Schramm’s communication model, 1954