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[OS 206] 1st Lecture Exam > [4] Colon, Rectum, and Anus > Flashcards

[4] Colon, Rectum, and Anus Flashcards

1
Q

[For Test Notes]

A
  • Embryology is included although not taught
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2
Q

What signals your body to defecate?

A

Gastrocolic Reflex: Distension of the stomach leads to distension of the colon

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3
Q

How do you diagnose a diverticula?

A

Colonoscopy

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4
Q

Define: Volvulus

A

Twisting portion of the intestine around itself or a stalk of mesentery causing an obstruction

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5
Q

What part of the colon is most usually involved in a Volvulus?

A

Sigmoid Colon

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6
Q

Why is the Sigmoid Colon easily twisted?

A

The base is very narrow as compared to the other parts, making it easy to twist

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7
Q

Define: Small Bowel and Colon Intussusception

A

Condition in which one section of the bowel tunnels into an adjoining section

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8
Q

Internal Diameter of Cecum

A

7.5-8.5cm

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9
Q

Internal Diameter of Sigmoid

A

2.5cm

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10
Q

[Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal]

Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Descending Colon

A
  1. Retro
  2. Intra
  3. Intra
  4. Retro
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11
Q

Why does appendicitis cause epigastric pain?

A

Referred pain due to shared afferent T10 dermatomes

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12
Q

Where would you cut open for an appendectomy?

A

Point of Maximal Abdominal Tenderness

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13
Q

Where is McBurney’s Point?

A

1/3 of the way from ASIS -> Umbilicus

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14
Q

Usual location of the appendix

A

Retrocecal

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15
Q

Define: Psoas Sign

A

Pain elicited with passive extension of the hip

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16
Q

Define: Obturator Sign

A

Pain elicited with passive flexion and internal rotation of the hip

17
Q

Define: Romsey Sign

A

Pressure on the left lower quadrant causes pain on the right lower quadrant

18
Q

What happens if you cut the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?

What about the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

IMA: little ischemia, but it will survive
SMA: The small intestine will die

19
Q

How many degrees is the Anorectal Angle?
When sitting?
During Sphincter Squeeze?

A

102 Degrees
119 Degrees
81 Degrees

20
Q

What muscle contracts to make defecation harder?

A

Puborectalis

21
Q

What do you use to differentiate external and internal hemorrhoids?

A

Dentate Line

22
Q

Fate of the Foregut

A 
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Pancreas
o Duodenum
o Liver
o Biliary Ducts
23
Q

Fate of the Midgut

A 
o Small intestine distal to the bile duct 
o Cecum
o Appendix
o Ascending colon
o Most of the transeverse colon
24
Q

Fate of the Hindgut

A

o Distal transverse colon
o Descending and Sigmoid colon
o Rectum

25
Q

Describe: Taenia Coli

A
  • Three flat bands of smooth muscle separated at 120 degree intervals along the wall of the colon
  • Incomplete outer longitudinal muscle layer
26
Q

Define: Haustrae

A

Outpouchings in the colon wall between taenia coli

27
Q

Function: Epiploic Appendages

A
  • Protect and cushion the colon, like a small omentum
  • Blood depository during colonic vessel contraction
  • Fat storage, role in absorption and immune response
  • In surgery, protection from suture lines and close perforations
  • Seal perforations
28
Q

Entrance of the Ileum into the Cecum

A

Ileocecal Valve

29
Q

What supplies blood to the Cecum?

A

Ileocolic Artery

30
Q

What supplies blood to the Appendix?

A

Appendicular Artery

31
Q

Where the colon turns downward to become descending colon

A

Splenic Flexure (Left Colic Flexure)

32
Q

Most mobile part of the colon

A

Transverse Colon

33
Q

Where colon turns left

A

Hepatic Flexure (Right Colic Flexure)

34
Q

What supplies the colon from cecum to splenic flexure?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

35
Q

Branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery (3)

A

Ileocolic
Right Colic
Middle Colic

36
Q

What supplies the Ascending Colon?

A

Ileocolic and Right Colic Arteries

37
Q

What supplies the Transverse Colon?

A

Middle Colic Artery

38
Q

What supplies the Descending and Sigmoid Colon?

A

Inferior Mesentery Artery via the Left Colic and Sigmoid Arteries

39
Q

What do you call the anastomosis of arteries in the colon?

A

Marginal Artery of Drummond

[OS 206] 1st Lecture Exam (10 decks)

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