[11] Perineum and External Genitalia

Question 1

[Perineal Space]

Contents (Male)

Answer 1

o Bulb of spongy urethra
o Bulbocavernous glands
o Branches of internal pudendal nerve
o Branches of pudendal nerve (perineal nerve)

Question 2

[Perineal Space]

Contents (Female)

Answer 2

o Bartholin’s glands
o Vestibular bulbs
o Surrounding muscle (bulbospongiosus)
o Related vessels and nerves (branches of internal, perineal nerve)
o Greater vestibular glands
o Vaginal orifice: contains urethral meatus

Question 3

Function: Bartholin’s Glands

Answer 3

Secrete mucus to lubricate the vaginal canal

Question 4

Function: Cowper’s Gland

Answer 4

Lubricates and cleanses the urethra during ejaculation

Homologous to Bartholin’s Gland

Question 5

[Deep Perineal Space]

Contents (5)

Answer 5

 Urogenital Diaphragm
o Sphincter urethrae (surrounding urethra)
o Deep transverse perinea/urogenital sphincter
 Nerves
o Dorsal nerve to the penis/clitoris
 Arteries and Veins
o Deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris - most prominent
o Internal pudendal artery and its branches

Question 6

[Ischiorectal Fossae]

Contents (4)

Answer 6

 Fat
o Support the anal canal
o Readily displaced to permit descent and expansion of the anal
canal during the passage of feces (Moore)
 Inferior rectal vessels and nerve (to anal sphincter and the rest of
the structures)
 Perforating cutaneous branches of S2 and S3  Perineal branch of S4

Question 7

Define: Episiotomy

Answer 7

Surgical incision of the perineum and interoposterior vaginal wall

Question 8

What week is an embryo classified as an indifferent stage?

Answer 8

6 weeks, cannot be distinguished

Question 9

What month does the urethral fold close over the plate?

Answer 9

3rd Month

Question 10

[Female Embryology]

Origin: Clitoris

Answer 10

Genital Tubercle elongates

Question 11

[Female Embryology]

Origin: Labia Minora

Answer 11

Urethral Folds do not fuse

Question 12

[Female Embryology]

Origin: Labia Majora

Answer 12

Genital Swellings enlarge greatly

Question 13

[Female Embryology]

Origin: Vestibule

Answer 13

Urogenital groove opens to the surface

Question 14

[Male Pseudohermaphroditism]

Describe:

1. Chromatin
2. Ploidy
3. Testis
4. Phenotype

Answer 14

1. Chromatin Negative
2. 46 XY - Male Genotype
3. Testis present and cryptorchid
4. Female Phenotype

Question 15

Most common type of genitalia disorder

Answer 15

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 16

Contents of the Penis and Clitoris

Answer 16

P+C: Corpora Cavernosum

P Only: Corpora Spongiosum

Question 17

What is removed during circumcision?

Answer 17

Prepuce

Question 18

What produces testosterone?

Answer 18

Leydig Cells

Question 19

What inhibits formation of the Mullerian Ducts?

Answer 19

Sertoli Cells

Question 20

Which testicle is more prone to varicoceles?

Answer 20

Left

Question 21

Blood Supply for the Perineum, Penis, and Clitoris

Answer 21

Main: Internal Pudendal Artery
Branches:
1. Inferior Rectal
2. Perineal
3. Dorsal Artery (to Penis/Clitoris)

Question 22

Nerve Supply for the Perineum, Penis, and Clitoris

Answer 22

Main: Pudendal Nerve
Branches:
1. Inferior Rectal
2. Perineal
3. Dorsal Nerve

Question 23

Pudendal Block

How much anesthetic?

Answer 23

1cm inferior and medial to attachment of sacrosciatic ligament to the Ischial Spine

3 mL