[11] Perineum and External Genitalia Flashcards
[Perineal Space]
Contents (Male)
o Bulb of spongy urethra
o Bulbocavernous glands
o Branches of internal pudendal nerve
o Branches of pudendal nerve (perineal nerve)
[Perineal Space]
Contents (Female)
o Bartholin’s glands
o Vestibular bulbs
o Surrounding muscle (bulbospongiosus)
o Related vessels and nerves (branches of internal, perineal nerve)
o Greater vestibular glands
o Vaginal orifice: contains urethral meatus
Function: Bartholin’s Glands
Secrete mucus to lubricate the vaginal canal
Function: Cowper’s Gland
Lubricates and cleanses the urethra during ejaculation
Homologous to Bartholin’s Gland
[Deep Perineal Space]
Contents (5)
Urogenital Diaphragm
o Sphincter urethrae (surrounding urethra)
o Deep transverse perinea/urogenital sphincter
Nerves
o Dorsal nerve to the penis/clitoris
Arteries and Veins
o Deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris - most prominent
o Internal pudendal artery and its branches
[Ischiorectal Fossae]
Contents (4)
Fat
o Support the anal canal
o Readily displaced to permit descent and expansion of the anal
canal during the passage of feces (Moore)
Inferior rectal vessels and nerve (to anal sphincter and the rest of
the structures)
Perforating cutaneous branches of S2 and S3 Perineal branch of S4
Define: Episiotomy
Surgical incision of the perineum and interoposterior vaginal wall
What week is an embryo classified as an indifferent stage?
6 weeks, cannot be distinguished
What month does the urethral fold close over the plate?
3rd Month
[Female Embryology]
Origin: Clitoris
Genital Tubercle elongates
[Female Embryology]
Origin: Labia Minora
Urethral Folds do not fuse
[Female Embryology]
Origin: Labia Majora
Genital Swellings enlarge greatly
[Female Embryology]
Origin: Vestibule
Urogenital groove opens to the surface
[Male Pseudohermaphroditism]
Describe:
- Chromatin
- Ploidy
- Testis
- Phenotype
- Chromatin Negative
- 46 XY - Male Genotype
- Testis present and cryptorchid
- Female Phenotype
Most common type of genitalia disorder
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Contents of the Penis and Clitoris
P+C: Corpora Cavernosum
P Only: Corpora Spongiosum
What is removed during circumcision?
Prepuce
What produces testosterone?
Leydig Cells
What inhibits formation of the Mullerian Ducts?
Sertoli Cells
Which testicle is more prone to varicoceles?
Left
Blood Supply for the Perineum, Penis, and Clitoris
Main: Internal Pudendal Artery Branches: 1. Inferior Rectal 2. Perineal 3. Dorsal Artery (to Penis/Clitoris)
Nerve Supply for the Perineum, Penis, and Clitoris
Main: Pudendal Nerve Branches: 1. Inferior Rectal 2. Perineal 3. Dorsal Nerve
Pudendal Block
How much anesthetic?
1cm inferior and medial to attachment of sacrosciatic ligament to the Ischial Spine
3 mL