4. Classical Greece 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What does the term “classical” primarily signify when describing the Greco-Roman period?
A) A civilization based entirely on mythological narratives
B) A high standard of cultural, governmental, and intellectual achievement
C) A time of military dominance over other cultures
D) A focus on maritime trade and exploration
A
B) A high standard of cultural, governmental, and intellectual achievement
2
Q
Which period is considered the most “classical” moment for the Greeks?
A) The Classical period (500–323 BCE)
B) The Hellenistic period
C) The Archaic Age
D) The Bronze Age
A
A) The Classical period (500–323 BCE)
3
Q
What marked the transition from the Greek Dark Age to the Archaic Age?
A) The widespread use of bronze tools and weapons
B) The development of poleis and a flourishing of trade and colonization
C) A decline in centralized monarchies
D) A shift to a focus on intellectual pursuits
A
B) The development of poleis and a flourishing of trade and colonization
4
Q
What is one characteristic of the Hellenistic period?
A) Greek civilization completely abandoned its cultural traditions.
B) Rome adopted significant elements of Greek culture, creating a Greco-Roman civilization.
C) The Greeks avoided interactions with the Near East.
D) Alexander the Great unified the Greek homeland and conquered the Persian Empire.
A
D) Alexander the Great unified the Greek homeland and conquered the Persian Empire.
5
Q
What cultural achievement is represented by Myron’s Discobolos (Discus Thrower)?
A) A rejection of motion and emotion in art
B) A focus on literary achievements over visual arts
C) The fusion of motion with stability and restraint in classical style
D) The depiction of military power and athletic dominance
A
C) The fusion of motion with stability and restraint in classical style
6
Q
Which is the Mycenaean Period?
A) prior to 1000 BC
B) 1000-800 BC
C) 800-500 BC
D) 500-323 BC
E) 323-150 BC
A
A) prior to 1000 BC
7
Q
Which is the Dark Ages?
A) prior to 1000 BC
B) 1000-800 BC
C) 800-500 BC
D) 500-323 BC
E) 323-150 BC
A
B) 1000-800 BC
8
Q
Which is the Archaic?
A) prior to 1000 BC
B) 1000-800 BC
C) 800-500 BC
D) 500-323 BC
E) 323-150 BC
A
C) 800-500 BC
9
Q
Which is the Classical?
A) prior to 1000 BC
B) 1000-800 BC
C) 800-500 BC
D) 500-323 BC
E) 323-150 BC
A
D) 500-323 BC
10
Q
Which is the Hellenistic?
A) prior to 1000 BC
B) 1000-800 BC
C) 800-500 BC
D) 500-323 BC
E) 323-150 BC
A
E) 323-150 BC
11
Q
What is the best translation of the Greek term aretē?
A. Virtue
B. Excellence
C. Honor
D. Strength
A
B. Excellence
12
Q
What type of competition best reflects the concept of aretē in Greek culture?
A. Artistic contests
B. Athletic contests
C. Political debates
D. Trade negotiations
A
B. Athletic contests
13
Q
What does the term agōn represent in Greek culture?
A. Harmony
B. Celebration
C. Competition
D. Devotion
A
C. Competition
14
Q
Which of the following is an example of an agōn?
A. A religious festival
B. A battle between warriors
C. A council meeting
D. A market exchange
A
B. A battle between warriors
15
Q
Why were Greek men often depicted in the nude in artwork?
A. It reflected their everyday attire.
B. It symbolized vulnerability and openness.
C. It showcased their ideal physical excellence as athletes.
D. It was meant to honor the gods.
A
C. It showcased their ideal physical excellence as athletes.
16
Q
What role does aretē play in Homer’s Odyssey?
A. It emphasizes the value of hospitality.
B. It highlights the achievements of warriors and athletes.
C. It critiques the idea of competition.
D. It shows the futility of war.
A
B. It highlights the achievements of warriors and athletes.
17
Q
According to the text, how did some Greeks explain their superiority over “Asians”?
A. By their superior trade networks
B. By their frequent warfare developing aretē
C. By their advanced architectural techniques
D. By their religious devotion
A
B. By their frequent warfare developing aretē
18
Q
Which of the following is an element of Odysseus’s adventures that reflects the competitive spirit of Greek culture?
A. His reliance on divine intervention
B. His ability to defeat local champions in physical contests
C. His tendency to avoid conflict whenever possible
D. His focus on family over reputation
A
B. His ability to defeat local champions in physical contests
19
Q
What was one primary purpose of war in Greek culture beyond gaining power or advantage?
A. To unify the community
B. To demonstrate aretē and gain honor
C. To expand trade routes
D. To acquire new technology
A
B. To demonstrate aretē and gain honor
20
Q
What did it mean when the defeated asked for the return of their dead?
A. It was an act of defiance.
B. It was a way to honor their gods.
C. It was a recognition of their defeat.
D. It was part of a peace treaty.
A
C. It was a recognition of their defeat.
21
Q
Why were prizes such as booty important in Greek warfare?
A. They showed loyalty to the gods.
B. They demonstrated personal aretē through recognition.
C. They were used to bribe allies.
D. They served as tangible proof of victory.
A
D. They served as tangible proof of victory.
22
Q
How were women generally perceived in the context of aretē?
A. Women were seen as equals to men in achieving aretē.
B. Women were viewed as physically weaker and excluded from aretē.
C. Women achieved aretē through artistic contributions.
D. Women demonstrated aretē primarily through community service.
A
B. Women were viewed as physically weaker and excluded from aretē.
23
Q
In male courtship relationships in Greek society, who was the erōmenos?
A. The lover and pursuer
B. The beloved and the younger partner
C. The elder teacher
D. The one providing gifts
A
B. The beloved and the younger partner
24
Q
What form of sexual interaction between men preserved the honor of both parties?
A. Complete abstinence
B. Intercrural intercourse
C. Courtship without gifts
D. Penetration
A
B. Intercrural intercourse
25
What was the primary loyalty expected of individuals in Greek society?
A. To the city-state
B. To the gods
C. To the family, particularly male ancestors
D. To their athletic team
C. To the family, particularly male ancestors
26
What was a distinguishing characteristic of the vase by Euthymedes?
A. It celebrated Greek gods.
B. It depicted a famous battle.
C. It included a taunt toward another potter.
D. It emphasized teamwork.
C. It included a taunt toward another potter.
27
What does the term "polis" primarily refer to in Greek culture?
A. A kin group resembling a city-state
B. A system of government
C. A large city with thousands of residents
D. A form of monarchy
A. A kin group resembling a city-state
28
Why were there no large, unified governments in early Greece?
A. Aristocrats prevented unification.
B. Geography divided populations into isolated pockets.
C. The Greeks did not value political organization.
D. They relied entirely on divine intervention for leadership.
B. Geography divided populations into isolated pockets.
29
Why is the translation of polis as "city-state" potentially misleading?
A. Early poleis had no legal systems.
B. Poleis were not cities in size or states in structure.
C. The term “state” was reserved for later Greek kingdoms.
D. It implied unity across Greek poleis.
B. Poleis were not cities in size or states in structure.
30
How were laws generally understood in early Greek poleis?
A. As divine traditions from the gods
B. As decisions made by kings
C. As written constitutions
D. As codes established by assemblies
A. As divine traditions from the gods
31
In early poleis, who were considered the city?
A. The gods
B. The aristocrats
C. The citizens
D. The assembly leaders
C. The citizens
32
What did many poleis claim about their origins?
A. They were founded by aristocratic clans.
B. They were formed from military alliances.
C. They were established by a single ancestor.
D. They were created through trade.
A. They were founded by aristocratic clans.
33
What was the status of metics in Greek poleis?
A. They were noncitizens with limited rights despite long-term residence.
B. They were often excluded from owning property.
C. They could become citizens after several generations.
D. They were allowed to participate in politics but not own land.
A. They were noncitizens with limited rights despite long-term residence.
34
Why were aristocrats able to dominate decision-making in poleis?
A. They were elected by the citizens.
B. Their wealth provided them the leisure to lead.
C. They were granted special powers by the gods.
D. They controlled all religious institutions
B. Their wealth provided them the leisure to lead.
35
How did early poleis resolve disputes between citizens?
A. Through judicial courts
B. By allowing family feuds
C. By calling on divine intervention
D. Through assemblies that always met regularly
B. By allowing family feuds
36
What role did aristocratic women play in early Greek society?
A. They trained and led soldiers into battle.
B. They promoted family prestige through mourning.
C. They were restricted to household duties only.
D. They were primarily focused on trade.
B. They promoted family prestige through mourning.
37
How did wealth contribute to the influence of aristocratic families?
A. It allowed them to dominate athletic competitions.
B. It ensured they had private education.
C. It made them more devout in religious rituals.
D. It gave them political privileges by divine right.
A. It allowed them to dominate athletic competitions.
38
What did Odysseus's response to being compared to a merchant reveal about Greek aristocracy?
A. Aristocrats valued athletic ability over trade skills.
B. Merchants were respected but lacked aretē.
C. Aristocrats were primarily focused on wealth.
D. The aristocracy rejected athletic competitions.
A. Aristocrats valued athletic ability over trade skills.
39
What distinguished the aristocracy (aristoi) in early poleis?
A. Their control over religious institutions
B. Their ability to establish laws
C. Their wealth and reputation as "the best"
D. Their military conquests
C. Their wealth and reputation as "the best"
40
What is an example of aristocratic dominance described in the Odyssey?
A. Disputes were often resolved through violence or feuds.
B. Assemblies of citizens met daily to settle disagreements.
C. Odysseus is elected king after a formal vote.
D. Women played leading roles in resolving conflicts.
A. Disputes were often resolved through violence or feuds.
41
How did early poleis reflect the idea of an "organic society"?
A. All citizens were tied to one another, like parts of a living organism.
B. Each polis was self-sustaining and avoided trade with others.
C. Political leadership rotated regularly among the citizens.
D. Assemblies treated all citizens as equals regardless of status.
A. All citizens were tied to one another, like parts of a living organism.
42
What is the origin of the term "Greek"?
A. It comes from the term "Hellas."
B. It was invented by modern historians.
C. It derives from the Latin word Graecus.
D. It originates from the word barbaroi.
C. It derives from the Latin word Graecus.
43
What was the simplest definition of a Greek in the Archaic period?
A. Someone who worshipped Greek gods
B. Someone who lived in a polis
C. Someone who spoke Greek
D. Someone who supported the Olympics
C. Someone who spoke Greek
44
Why did Greeks refer to non-Greeks as barbaroi?
A. Non-Greeks worshipped different gods.
B. Non-Greek speech sounded like "bar, bar, bar" to the Greeks.
C. Non-Greeks had a different political system.
D. Non-Greeks did not participate in the Olympics.
B. Non-Greek speech sounded like "bar, bar, bar" to the Greeks.
45
Which pan-Hellenic festival excluded non-Greeks?
A. The Oracle at Delphi
B. The Pythian Games
C. The Olympics
D. The Isthmian Games
C. The Olympics
46
What role did Greek colonies play in reinforcing Greek identity?
A. They brought Greeks into close contact with non-Greeks.
B. They adopted local customs and traditions.
C. They created larger, unified city-states.
D. They excluded Greeks from other regions.
A. They brought Greeks into close contact with non-Greeks.
47
What Near Eastern culture influenced Greek sculpture, as seen in the kouros statues?
A. Persian
B. Egyptian
C. Mesopotamian
D. Phoenician
B. Egyptian
48
From which culture did the Greeks adopt their writing system?
A. Egyptians
B. Persians
C. Phoenicians
D. Mesopotamians
C. Phoenicians
49
What is the main theme of Herodotus's Histories?
A. The daily life of the Greek people
B. The exploration of the Greek and non-Greek worlds
C. The military history of Sparta
D. The development of Greek art and culture
B. The exploration of the Greek and non-Greek worlds
50
How did Herodotus describe Egyptian culture in his writings?
A. As vastly inferior to Greek culture
B. As the root of Greek practices
C. As unconnected to Greek traditions
D. As barbaric and primitive
B. As the root of Greek practices
51
What was a significant turning point in Greek self-perception during the Classical period?
A. The establishment of the Oracle at Delphi
B. The influence of Near Eastern mathematics
C. The Persian Wars
D. The construction of the Parthenon
C. The Persian Wars
52
Which battle in 490 BC saw a smaller Athenian force defeat the Persians?
A. Thermopylae
B. Marathon
C. Salamis
D. Plataea
B. Marathon
53
What action did the Spartan commander at Thermopylae take when defeat was imminent?
A. He fled with his soldiers.
B. He surrendered to the Persians.
C. He dismissed most of his forces and stayed to fight.
D. He sought reinforcements from Athens.
C. He dismissed most of his forces and stayed to fight.
54
How did Greeks justify their belief in Persian "slavishness"?
A. The Persians worshipped foreign gods.
B. The Persians lived under a monarchy.
C. The Persians lost both Persian Wars.
D. The Persians lacked written laws.
B. The Persians lived under a monarchy.
55
How did the term barbaroi evolve during the Classical period?
A. It became a neutral term for non-Greeks.
B. It started to mean "foreigner" without negative connotations.
C. It began to mean "barbarian," implying inferiority.
D. It referred to Greeks living outside poleis.
C. It began to mean "barbarian," implying inferiority.
56
What did Aristotle suggest about the Persians?
A. They were superior to the Greeks in battle.
B. They were naturally suited to slavery.
C. They were culturally more advanced than the Greeks.
D. They were incapable of self-governance.
D. They were incapable of self-governance.
57
What artistic style emerged shortly before the Persian Wars?
A. Archaic
B. Hellenistic
C. Severe
D. Classical
D. Classical
58
What characteristic was associated with the Classical style of sculpture?
A. Exaggerated ornamentation
B. Simplicity and self-restraint
C. Emotional expressiveness
D. Influence from Persian techniques
B. Simplicity and self-restraint
59
How did Aristotle view societies in the East?
A. Lacking intelligence
B. Governed by democratic principles
C. Strong but brainless
D. Intelligent but lacking independence
D. Intelligent but lacking independence
60
What event demonstrated the limits of Greek unity?
A. The Trojan War
B. The Battle of Thermopylae
C. The Peloponnesian War
D. The formation of the Delian League
C. The Peloponnesian War
61
What was a major reason for the failure of Greek cities to form a united Hellas?
A. Persian interference
B. Geographical separation and polis identity
C. Economic instability
D. Lack of military strength
B. Geographical separation and polis identity
62
What societal role became more common as a result of the Peloponnesian War?
A. Political leaders
B. Philosophers
C. Mercenaries
D. Artisans
C. Mercenaries
63
Why did Spartans ally with Persia after the Peloponnesian War?
A. To adopt Persian culture
B. To maintain dominance over Greece
C. To overthrow the Athenian navy
D. To support the Theban military
B. To maintain dominance over Greece
64
What shift in values did the Athenians demonstrate in their treatment of Alcibiades?
A. Valuing loyalty over charisma
B. Rewarding individual ambition over civic loyalty
C. Prioritizing military strategy
D. Embracing Spartan influences
B. Rewarding individual ambition over civic loyalty
65
Why did Greek cities avoid naturalizing outsiders as citizens?
A. Religious restrictions
B. Economic concerns
C. The idea of the polis as a kin group
D. Fear of political uprisings
C. The idea of the polis as a kin group
66
What does the term kouroi refer to in Greek sculpture?
A. Realistic human figures
B. Mythological creatures
C. Rigid, upright male statues
D. Ornamental architectural elements
C. Rigid, upright male statues
67
What feature characterized Archaic Greek sculpture?
A. Detailed ornamentation
B. Naturalistic movement
C. Severe simplicity
D. Egyptian-inspired stiffness
D. Egyptian-inspired stiffness
68
What was one effect of the Peloponnesian War on Greek society?
A. Strengthened loyalty to the polis
B. Decline of Greek city-states
C. Unified Greece under Sparta
D. Economic prosperity
B. Decline of Greek city-states
69
Why was Greek dominance over larger territories difficult?
A. Lack of sufficient manpower
B. Constant barbarian invasions
C. Poor infrastructure
D. Over-reliance on mercenaries
A. Lack of sufficient manpower
70
What was a consequence of the Peloponnesian War for the countryside?
A. Growth of agriculture
B. Development of new trade routes
C. Fields of grain were destroyed annually
D. Increased colonization overseas
C. Fields of grain were destroyed annually
71
What aspect of the Persian defeat influenced Greek self-perception?
A. Emphasis on luxury and power
B. Desire for cultural exchange
C. Contrast of simplicity with Persian excess
D. Focus on military alliances
C. Contrast of simplicity with Persian excess
72
Why did Greece experience a population explosion in the eighth century BC?
A. The cause remains unclear, but population growth was rapid
B. Increased trade with neighboring regions
C. Introduction of advanced medical practices
D. Migration from foreign territories
A. The cause remains unclear, but population growth was rapid
73
Where did many Greek colonies emerge during the Archaic period?
A. Northern Europe and Scandinavia
B. Southern Italy, Sicily, and the Black Sea
C. Central Asia and India
D. The Nile River Valley
B. Southern Italy, Sicily, and the Black Sea
74
What made Greek colonies distinct from modern colonial models?
A. They were strictly military outposts
B. They operated as new and independent poleis
C. They maintained close political ties to mother cities
D. They served only as trading hubs
B. They operated as new and independent poleis
75
What economic shift helped Greek poleis produce surpluses?
A. The expansion of pastoralism
B. Transition from a pastoral to agricultural society
C. Introduction of coin-based trade systems
D. Large-scale importation of foreign goods
B. Transition from a pastoral to agricultural society
76
Which new social group emerged during the Archaic period?
A. Wealthy merchants
B. Middling farmers with modest wealth
C. Skilled urban craftsmen
D. Landless peasants
B. Middling farmers with modest wealth
77
What was the hoplite phalanx?
A. A naval formation of warships
B. A heavily armored infantry formation
C. A defensive wall structure used in sieges
D. A cavalry-based battle strategy
B. A heavily armored infantry formation
78
How did the hoplite phalanx undermine aristocratic dominance?
A. It required large numbers of middle-class soldiers
B. It made traditional cavalry units obsolete
C. It discouraged aristocrats from participating in wars
D. It reduced the importance of individual heroism
A. It required large numbers of middle-class soldiers
79
How did tyrants gain power in the Archaic period?
A. By exploiting tensions between rich and poor
B. By conquering poleis through military force
C. By inheriting power from aristocratic families
D. By appealing to foreign powers for support
A. By exploiting tensions between rich and poor
80
What does "metabolē politeiōn" describe?
A. Cycles of constitutions and political instability
B. Patterns of trade and economic fluctuation
C. Military campaigns across poleis
D. Changes in religious practices
A. Cycles of constitutions and political instability
81
What limited the expansion of citizenship in Greek poleis?
A. The lack of written constitutions
B. The polis being seen as a kin group
C. Military control over political decisions
D. A focus on trade over governance
B. The polis being seen as a kin group
82
What was one consequence of population growth in Greek poleis?
A. Stronger kinship ties among citizens
B. Increased social tension between rich and poor
C. A decrease in colonization efforts
D. Growth of larger, less intimate cities
D. Growth of larger, less intimate cities
83
How was democracy practiced in Athens?
A. Citizens elected representatives to make decisions
B. A council of aristocrats governed the polis
C. Citizens participated directly in governance
D. Laws were created by appointed officials
C. Citizens participated directly in governance
84
Why did many Greek writers criticize democracy?
A. It excluded women and slaves
B. It undermined traditional laws rooted in religion
C. It was seen as favoring the wealthy
D. It allowed laws to be made by ordinary citizens
D. It allowed laws to be made by ordinary citizens
85
What was a key feature of the Athenian assembly?
A. It elected officials to govern for life
B. It was composed exclusively of aristocrats
C. It made laws directly through citizen participation
D. It met frequently to debate and decide on laws
D. It met frequently to debate and decide on laws
86
What was Pericles known for in Athenian politics?
A. Establishing democratic principles
B. Leading through persuasion in the assembly
C. Creating a permanent oligarchic structure
D. Designing the hoplite phalanx strategy
B. Leading through persuasion in the assembly
87
Which groups were excluded from the dēmos in Greek democracy?
A. Freed slaves
B. Adult male citizens without property
C. Women, slaves, and metics
D. Foreign merchants
C. Women, slaves, and metics
88
How did Greek democracy differ from modern democracy?
A. It was direct rather than representative
B. It relied heavily on written constitutions
C. It excluded land ownership as a qualification
A. It was direct rather than representative
89
Why were Athens and Sparta exceptions to frequent political instability?
A. Their focus on colonization and trade
B. Their strong adherence to oligarchic principles
C. Their avoidance of constant constitutional changes
D. Their rigid and limited concepts of citizenship
D. Their rigid and limited concepts of citizenship
90
Why did democracy weaken the polis as a kin-based community?
A. It encouraged individualism over kinship ties
B. It reduced military cooperation between citizens
C. It replaced religious traditions with secular laws
D. It emphasized equality, eroding clan distinctions
D. It emphasized equality, eroding clan distinctions
91
What broader lesson does the political instability of Greek poleis teach?
A. Social tensions can drive cycles of revolution and counterrevolution
B. Economic prosperity eliminates class conflict
C. Colonization strengthens political systems
D. Competition between classes can lead to political instability
D. Competition between classes can lead to political instability
92
What issue prompted Athens to appoint Solon to revamp its political system in 594 BC?
A. Growing tensions between social classes
B. Increasing competition with Sparta
C. A severe food shortage
D. Pressure from neighboring poleis
A. Growing tensions between social classes ✔
93
What significant reform did Solon introduce to address the plight of poor Athenians?
A. Redistribution of land
B. Outlawing debt slavery
C. Granting citizenship to foreigners
D. Providing loans to poor farmers
B. Outlawing debt slavery
94
Under Solon’s reforms, which group gained the right to elect archons for the first time?
A. All Athenian male citizens
B. Women and metics
C. Wealthy aristocrats only
D. Foreign-born residents
A. All Athenian male citizens
95
How did Pisistratus initially seize power in Athens in 561 BC?
A. By forming alliances with wealthy aristocrats
B. By declaring himself king
C. Through a democratic election
D. By exploiting social tensions and declaring himself tyrant
D. By exploiting social tensions and declaring himself tyrant
96
What significant shift occurred in Athens’ governance during the Classical period?
A. The assembly of citizens gained real political power
B. Tyranny became the dominant form of rule
C. Archons became the most influential leaders
D. Power shifted to a hereditary monarchy
A. The assembly of citizens gained real political power
97
Which famous historian praised Athenian democracy for unleashing its citizens’ energy and potential?
A. Herodotus
B. Thucydides
C. Aristotle
D. Plutarch
A. Herodotus
98
What innovation in Athens attracted tourists and visitors during the Classical period?
A. Public festivals featuring theatrical performances
B. The invention of currency
C. The establishment of public libraries
D. The development of aqueducts
A. Public festivals featuring theatrical performances
99
Why did Solon’s reforms weaken the traditional clan structure in Athens?
A. They encouraged citizens to identify by wealth rather than kinship
B. They outlawed the use of family ties in political appointments
C. They reduced the power of the aristocracy
D. They prohibited family land inheritance
A. They encouraged citizens to identify by wealth rather than kinship
100
What political system replaced tyranny in Athens after the fall of Pisistratus’s sons in 510 BC?
A. Democracy
B. Monarchy
C. Anarchy
D. Oligarchy
A. Democracy
101
What was one lasting legacy of Classical Athens’ democracy?
A. The establishment of equal legal rights for male citizens
B. A permanent separation of rich and poor
C. The invention of representative governance
D. The encouragement of cultural and intellectual achievements
A. The establishment of equal legal rights for male citizens
102
What resource significantly contributed to Athens' ability to stabilize its democracy?
A. Grain imports from Egypt
B. Silver mines in Athenian territory
C. Tribute from Sparta
D. Taxes on Athenian citizens
B. Silver mines in Athenian territory
103
What was the primary purpose of the Delian League when it was formed?
A. To create a unified Greek empire
B. To protect Greek cities from Persian attacks
C. To establish a trade network across the Aegean Sea
D. To defend Athens' colonies against rebellions
B. To protect Greek cities from Persian attacks
104
How did Athens fund its navy during the Delian League period?
A. By taxing its own citizens heavily
B. By receiving tribute payments from league members
C. By selling ships to other Greek cities
D. By seizing Persian assets in Asia Minor
B. By receiving tribute payments from league members
105
What was a cleruchy in the context of the Athenian Empire?
A. A newly independent polis
B. A type of Athenian warship
C. A city-state allied with Athens
D. A settlement of Athenian citizens on confiscated land
D. A settlement of Athenian citizens on confiscated land
106
How did Athens enforce contributions to the Delian League treasury?
A. By negotiating new treaties annually
B. Through an alliance with Persia
C. By using its powerful navy
D. By threatening members with expulsion
C. By using its powerful navy
107
What iconic structure in Athens was partly funded by Delian League payments?
A. The Erechtheion
B. The Parthenon
C. The Temple of Olympian Zeus
D. The Theater of Dionysus
B. The Parthenon
108
How did Athens' reliance on tribute payments affect its political stability?
A. It deepened divisions between rich and poor citizens
B. It reduced class tensions by providing income for poorer Athenians
C. It led to frequent revolts within the city
D. It caused a decline in military strength
B. It reduced class tensions by providing income for poorer Athenians
109
How did slavery contribute to Athenian democracy?
A. Slaves served as jurors in mass trials
B. The absence of Athenian debt slavery strengthened citizen rights
C. Slaves helped train hoplites for battle
D. Slaves took part in political debates on behalf of their owners
B. The absence of Athenian debt slavery strengthened citizen rights
110
What distinguished Classical Athenian slavery from earlier forms?
A. Slaves were exclusively foreigners
B. Slaves retained certain legal rights
C. Slaves were allowed to vote in some circumstances
D. Slavery was abolished for citizens and foreigners alike
A. Slaves were exclusively foreigners
111
Why did Athens move the Delian League treasury from Delos to Athens?
A. To protect it from Persian attacks
B. To better control league finances
C. To reduce administrative costs
D. To fund military campaigns against Sparta
B. To better control league finances
112
How did the gymnasium reflect the social structure of Classical Athens?
A. It was a place where men and women trained together
B. It symbolized the separation of the sexes
C. It served as a public forum for political debates
D. It provided equal opportunities for citizens and slaves
B. It symbolized the separation of the sexes
113
Why were Athens’ sailors considered vital to its democracy?
A. They represented the wealthy class in naval command roles
B. They could serve without the wealth required of hoplites
C. They negotiated with other city-states for trade agreements
D. They were exempt from paying taxes
B. They could serve without the wealth required of hoplites
114
What was the role of women in Classical Athens according to the text?
A. They participated in democratic assemblies
B. They managed household tasks and raised future citizens
C. They were free to travel and engage in commerce
D. They were often trained alongside men in gymnasiums
B. They managed household tasks and raised future citizens
115
What effect did Athenian dominance in the Delian League have on the perception of freedom in Athens?
A. It diminished the idea of freedom for most citizens
B. It reinforced the idea that true freedom involved ruling over others
C. It increased conflicts between aristocrats and commoners
D. It reduced the influence of democracy in Athens
B. It reinforced the idea that true freedom involved ruling over others
116
Why did Athenian women rarely appear in public?
A. Social norms dictated that their pale skin showed wealth
B. Public appearances were only allowed during festivals
C. They were discouraged by law from leaving their homes
D. They were required to work alongside men in fields
A. Social norms dictated that their pale skin showed wealth
117
What primary solution did Sparta adopt to address overpopulation?
A) Colonization overseas
B) Reforming its agricultural practices
C) Conquering neighboring fertile land
D) Trading with other Greek cities
C) Conquering neighboring fertile land
118
What was the name given to the enslaved Messenians?
A) Homoioi
B) Cleruchies
C) Perioikoi
D) Helots
D) Helots
119
How were helots different from chattel slaves in Athens?
A) They were privately owned.
B) They were considered a single people, not dispersed.
C) They were freed after a certain period.
D) They were protected under Spartan law.
B) They were considered a single people, not dispersed.
120
What prompted the Spartans to restructure their society into the Lycurgan system?
A) The First Messenian War
B) The Second Messenian War
C) The Persian Wars
D) The Peloponnesian War
B) The Second Messenian War
121
What feature of the Lycurgan system was introduced after the Second Messenian War?
A) Mandatory military training for boys
B) Equal representation for women
C) Colonization to expand territory
D) A marketplace-based economy
A) Mandatory military training for boys
122
At what age were Spartan boys taken from their families to begin military training?
A) 7
B) 12
C) 15
D) 18
B) 12
123
What purpose did underfeeding Spartan boys serve?
A) To conserve resources
B) To teach them endurance and stealth
C) To punish disobedience
D) To encourage dependence on the state
B) To teach them endurance and stealth
124
Where did adult Spartan men eat their meals?
A) At home with their families
B) In public messes
C) In the agora
D) In the temple halls
B) In public messes
125
Why did Spartans use iron bars as currency?
A) To discourage hoarding wealth
B) To ensure trade remained local
C) To symbolize Spartan strength
D) To prevent foreign trade competition
A) To discourage hoarding wealth
126
What term described Spartan male citizens?
A) Perioikoi
B) Homoioi
C) Aristoi
D) Helots
B) Homoioi
127
How did Spartan soldiers behave differently in battle?
A) They pursued the enemy aggressively.
B) They retreated to avoid losses.
C) They limited pursuit to maintain formation.
D) They relied heavily on cavalry.
C) They limited pursuit to maintain formation.
128
What role did Spartan women often play in society?
A) Managing households and helots
B) Leading in political assemblies
C) Serving as priestesses for city rituals
D) Overseeing trade and commerce
A) Managing households and helots
129
Why did Spartan women undergo physical training?
A) To compete in public games
B) To prepare for possible military service
C) To improve their health for childbirth
D) To show strength to neighboring cities
C) To improve their health for childbirth
130
How were Spartan infants evaluated?
A) By family decision for survival
B) By city authorities for health
C) By priestesses for divine favor
D) By helot caregivers for suitability
B) By city authorities for health
131
What honor was uniquely given to Spartan women?
A) Owning property without restriction
B) Commemoration if they died in childbirth
C) Holding public office in wartime
D) Leading religious ceremonies
B) Commemoration if they died in childbirth
132
What was the Lycurgan system's primary goal?
A) To create an elite class
B) To suppress individual desires
C) To promote foreign trade
D) To encourage military innovation
B) To suppress individual desires
133
What was a major criticism of Spartan women by other Greeks, like Aristotle?
A) Their leadership in political assemblies
B) Their relative independence and fitness
C) Their refusal to marry non-Spartans
D) Their involvement in military planning
B) Their relative independence and fitness
134
Why did Spartans discourage the accumulation of wealth?
A) To avoid class divisions
B) To maintain equality among citizens
C) To focus resources on helots
D) To limit external trade
B) To maintain equality among citizens
135
Why did other Greek cities not emulate the Spartan system?
A) Its military tactics were outdated.
B) It required renouncing individual comforts and achievements.
C) Its economic policies were unsustainable.
D) It relied too much on foreign alliances.
B) It required renouncing individual comforts and achievements.
