4. Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
Define what is meant by the term chronic inflammation?
a prolonged inflammatory response that involves a progressive change in the type of inflammatory cells present at the site of inflammation.
List the causes of chronic inflammation
Resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intracellular killing
Endogenous materials
Exogenous materials
Autoimmune Diseases
Unknown aetiology
Granulomatous Inflammation of unknown aetiology
Cellular Rejection
Describe the microscopic features of chronic inflammation
Chronic Ulcer Chronic Abscess Cavity Thickening of the wall of a hollow viscus e.g. gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis Granulomatous Inflammation Fibrosis
What is a chronic ulcer?
A local defect in the surface of an organ or tissue produced by the shedding of necrotic tissue
What is Chronic Cholecystitis?
Chronic Inflammation of the gallbladder
After repeated episodes
of acute inflammation
What is granulomatous inflammation?
A form of chronic inflammation characterised by the formation of the granuloma
What is a macrophage?
Key player in chronic inflammation
What is the role of macrophages?
Phagocytosis
Production of inflammatory mediators
Initiation of immune response
What happens in chronic inflammation?
Infiltration of tissue by monoculear cells
Tissue destruction
Attempts at healing replacement by connective tissue - fibrosis
What is a granuloma?
A granuloma is a collection of macrophages that have transformed into epitheloid macrophages surrounded by collar lymphocytes with a few plasma cells
What are causes of Granulomatous inflammation?
Micro-organisms
Foreign bodies (Endogenous/exogenous)
Idiopathic
What are foreign body granulomas caused by?
Caused by relatively inert foreign material
What is crohns disease?
isan example of a chronicinflammatory disease thatcanaffectanypart of the gastrointestinal tractfrom mouth to anus
It is associated witha chronicgranulomatous inflammatoryresponse
What are the complications of chronic inflammation?
Fibrosis, scarring, contracture, stricture
Loss of function
Dystrophic calcification
Carcinogenesis: DNA damage, NF Kappa Bpathway,effects of immunosuppression
Amyloid
