4-Chromosomes

Question 1

What is a threadlike self-replicating genetic structure containing organized DNA molecule package found in the nucleus of the cell?

Answer 1

chromosome

Question 2

Who coined the term chromosome in 1888.

Answer 2

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Waldeyer

Question 3

There are two types of chromosome:

Answer 3

• Autosome
• Sex chromosome

Question 4

• Control characters other than sex characters or carry genes for somatic characters.
• The function of this chromosome is to carry the genetic codes, or genes, that are needed for a living organism to produce the structural and functional proteins it needs to live and survive.
• This chromosome are all of the chromosomes an organism has, minus its sex chromosomes.

Answer 4

AUTOSOME

Question 5

• Chromosomes involved in sex determination.

Answer 5

SEX CHROMOSOMES

Question 6

Humans and most other mammals have two sex chromosomes X & Y, also called?

Answer 6

heterosome, odd chromosome, or idiosome.

Question 7

What chromosome is larger and contains many genes important for various bodily functions, not all related to sex

Answer 7

X chromosome

Question 8

What chromosome is smaller and primarily carries genes that determine male characteristics

Answer 8

Y chromosome

Question 9

have two X chromosomes in diploid cells

Answer 9

Females

Question 10

have an X and a Y chromosomes in diploid cells

Answer 10

males

Question 11

What morphology changes during cell division and mitotic metaphase.

Answer 11

chromosome

Question 12

The complexes between eukaryotic DNA and proteins are called ?, which typically contains about twice as much protein as DNA.

Answer 12

chromatin

Question 13

The major proteins of chromatin are the ? which are very similar among different species of eukaryotes.

Answer 13

histones - H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

Question 14

• Divides the chromosome into two sections or arms.

Answer 14

Centromere (Primary constriction)

Question 15

The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the?

Answer 15

“p” arm

Question 16

The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the?

Answer 16

“q” arm

Question 17

• The sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, called?
• Play critical roles in chromosome replication and maintenance.

Answer 17

telomeres

Question 18

• One or more constrictions in the chromosome are present termed secondary constrictions.

Answer 18

Secondary constriction

Question 19

A small chromosomal segment separated from the main body of the chromosome by a secondary constriction is called?

Answer 19

Satellite

Question 20

The chromosomes are the longest and thinnest during ? and hence not visible under light microscope.

Answer 20

interphase (resting stage)

Question 21

Chromosomes are the smallest and thickest during?

Answer 21

mitotic metaphase

Question 22

• The centromere is localized approximately midway between each end and thereby two arms are roughly equal in length

Answer 22

Metacentric

Question 23

Metacentric chromosome takes what shape during anaphase?

Answer 23

V

Question 24

• Centromere is submedian, giving one longer and one shorter arm.

Answer 24

Submetacentric

Question 25

Submetacentric chromosome may be ? or ? shaped during anaphase.

Answer 25

J or L

Question 26

- The centromere is more terminally placed and forms very unequal arm length

Answer 26

Acrocentric

Question 27

- a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome.

Answer 27

Telomere (not present in eukaryotiv cell)