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Biology 100.01 > 4 - Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

4 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

How does energy flow in the biosphere?

A

Radiant energy becomes chemical energy (aka ATP). ATP is stored in organic compounds’ chains

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2
Q

What is the photosynthetic reaction?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight –> C6H12O6 + 6CO2

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3
Q

Differentiate physical/mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

A

Physical: break down physically; Chemical: break down into basic structural units

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4
Q

What is metabolism

A

All chemical reactions in cells

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5
Q

What are the 2 kinds of metabolism

A

Anabolic (building up) and (catabolic)

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6
Q

Is photosynthesis an anabolic or a catabolic reaction?

A

Anabolic

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7
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

Release of energy by breaking down food into simpler substances

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8
Q

What are the stages of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Acetyl-CoA formation
Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

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9
Q

Which stages have substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

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10
Q

Which stage/s have oxidative phosphorylation

A

ETC

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11
Q

How much net ATP is produced in each stage?

A

2, 0, 2, 34

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12
Q

Differentiate an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction

A

Oxidation: loss of H+ & e-; Reduction: gaining of H+ & e-

GEROA - Gains Electrons Reduction Oxidizing Agent
LEORA - Loses Electrons Oxidation Reducing Agent

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13
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic/anaerobic

A

Anaerobic

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15
Q

What basically happens in glycolysis

A

Glyco-lysis

Glucose (+ other 6-carbon monosaccharides) –> 2 mol pyruvic acid (3-carbon)

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16
Q

What are the 2 phases of glycolysis

A

Energy investment phase

Energy payoff phase?

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17
Q

What is the gross ATP in glycolysis? Net ATP?

A

Gross: 4
Net: 2 (2 needed for payoff kasi)

18
Q

What does it mean when there is -kinase

A

Phosphorylation

19
Q

What does isomerase mean?

A

Convert to isomers

20
Q

What processes occur in the 10 phases of glycolysis

A
  1. phosphorylation
  2. Isomers
  3. Phosphorylation
  4. Split into 2 3-carbon molecules na isomers
  5. Other phosphate + isomerase = other product of 4
  6. Oxidation, then reduction
  7. Substrate level phosphorylation
  8. P from 3 goes to second C
  9. Dehydration
  10. Substrate-level phosphoyrlation
21
Q

Which numbers have ATP involved

A
    1. Used ATP
      7.10. Produced 2 ATP each
      Basically umutang siya
22
Q

What are all the products of glycolysis?

A

2 net ATP, 4 gross ATP
2 NADH
2 H2O (waste, released through piss/sweat)

23
Q

What is the story of acetyl-coA formation

A

2 pyruvic acids go in mitochondrion, but it cannot go in unless it becomes acetyl coa

24
Q

What are the 3 processes in acetyl-coA formation

A
  1. Carboxylation (hello co2)
  2. Redox (NAD+ –> NADH)
  3. Coenzyme A (coA) is attached to acetyl group
25
Q

What is the result of coA attaching to acetyl group

A

Acetyl coA

26
Q

What are the products of acetyl-coA formation

A

Acetyl CoA
2 NADH
2 CO2

27
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

28
Q

What happens in the citric acid cycle

A

Acetyl coa oxidizes

Combines w oxaloacetic acid

29
Q

Is the citric acid cycle aerobic or anaerobic

A

Aerobic

30
Q

What are the results of Citric acid cycle

A

CO2
ATP
NADH
FADH2

31
Q

What happens with the oxaloacetic acid

A

Regenerated bc cycle!!!

32
Q

What happens

A
  1. Byebye coA, acetyl attaches to oxaloacetate
  2. Dehydration, hydration
  3. Redox, carboxylation
  4. Carboxylation, addition of CoA
  5. Phosphorylation
  6. Redox
  7. Hydration
  8. Redox
33
Q

Which is more versatile, ATP or GDP

A

ATP

34
Q

What are the results of the citric acid cycle

A

6 NADH
4 CO2 (waste)
2 ATP/GDP
2 FADH2

35
Q

WHat happens in the ETC

A
  • Transfer of e- from NADH to FADH 2 to O2
  • e- are makulit so they need to move to be stable
  • when they move, energy is released
  • H+ uses that energy to do active transport (matrix –> intermembrane space)
  • O2 is final acceptor molecule, forms water with H+
  • H+ goes back through facilitated diffusion
36
Q

Where does ETC take place

A

Mitochondrial membrane

37
Q

What does ATP synthase do specifically

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

Spins

38
Q

What do we get from ETC

A

ATP, H2O

39
Q

What is the overall result of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis: 2 NADH *3
Acetyl CoA: 2 NADH * 3
Krebs: 6 NADH * 3 + 2 FADH
- 34 ATP

40
Q

How much ATP do we get from each phase of cell resp

A

2, 0, 2, 34 = 38

41
Q

What happens in anaerobic glycolysis

A

So pyruvate from glycolysis goes through LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PATHWAY instead of CoA

Instead of oxidizing, pyruvate is reduced

Becomes lactic acid –> cramps

42
Q

How efficient is anaerobic metabolism

A

1/18 than aerobic (2 compared to 36-38)

Biology 100.01 (4 decks)

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