4 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

How does energy flow in the biosphere?

Answer 1

Radiant energy becomes chemical energy (aka ATP). ATP is stored in organic compounds’ chains

Question 2

What is the photosynthetic reaction?

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight –> C6H12O6 + 6CO2

Question 3

Differentiate physical/mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

Answer 3

Physical: break down physically; Chemical: break down into basic structural units

Question 4

What is metabolism

Answer 4

All chemical reactions in cells

Question 5

What are the 2 kinds of metabolism

Answer 5

Anabolic (building up) and (catabolic)

Question 6

Is photosynthesis an anabolic or a catabolic reaction?

Answer 6

Anabolic

Question 7

Define cellular respiration

Answer 7

Release of energy by breaking down food into simpler substances

Question 8

What are the stages of cellular respiration

Answer 8

Glycolysis
Acetyl-CoA formation
Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 9

Which stages have substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 9

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

Question 10

Which stage/s have oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 10

ETC

Question 11

How much net ATP is produced in each stage?

Answer 11

2, 0, 2, 34

Question 12

Differentiate an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction

Answer 12

Oxidation: loss of H+ & e-; Reduction: gaining of H+ & e-

GEROA - Gains Electrons Reduction Oxidizing Agent
LEORA - Loses Electrons Oxidation Reducing Agent

Question 13

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

Is glycolysis aerobic/anaerobic

Answer 14

Anaerobic

Question 15

What basically happens in glycolysis

Answer 15

Glyco-lysis

Glucose (+ other 6-carbon monosaccharides) –> 2 mol pyruvic acid (3-carbon)

Question 16

What are the 2 phases of glycolysis

Answer 16

Energy investment phase

Energy payoff phase?

Question 17

What is the gross ATP in glycolysis? Net ATP?

Answer 17

Gross: 4
Net: 2 (2 needed for payoff kasi)

Question 18

What does it mean when there is -kinase

Answer 18

Phosphorylation

Question 19

What does isomerase mean?

Answer 19

Convert to isomers

Question 20

What processes occur in the 10 phases of glycolysis

Answer 20

1. phosphorylation
2. Isomers
3. Phosphorylation
4. Split into 2 3-carbon molecules na isomers
5. Other phosphate + isomerase = other product of 4
6. Oxidation, then reduction
7. Substrate level phosphorylation
8. P from 3 goes to second C
9. Dehydration
10. Substrate-level phosphoyrlation

Question 21

Which numbers have ATP involved

Answer 21

1. 3. Used ATP
      7.10. Produced 2 ATP each
      Basically umutang siya

Question 22

What are all the products of glycolysis?

Answer 22

2 net ATP, 4 gross ATP
2 NADH
2 H2O (waste, released through piss/sweat)

Question 23

What is the story of acetyl-coA formation

Answer 23

2 pyruvic acids go in mitochondrion, but it cannot go in unless it becomes acetyl coa

Question 24

What are the 3 processes in acetyl-coA formation

Answer 24

1. Carboxylation (hello co2)
2. Redox (NAD+ –> NADH)
3. Coenzyme A (coA) is attached to acetyl group

Question 25

What is the result of coA attaching to acetyl group

Answer 25

Acetyl coA

Question 26

What are the products of acetyl-coA formation

Answer 26

Acetyl CoA 2 NADH 2 CO2

Question 27

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 27

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 28

What happens in the citric acid cycle

Answer 28

Acetyl coa oxidizes | Combines w oxaloacetic acid

Question 29

Is the citric acid cycle aerobic or anaerobic

Answer 29

Aerobic

Question 30

What are the results of Citric acid cycle

Answer 30

CO2 ATP NADH FADH2

Question 31

What happens with the oxaloacetic acid

Answer 31

Regenerated bc cycle!!!

Question 32

What happens

Answer 32

1. Byebye coA, acetyl attaches to oxaloacetate 2. Dehydration, hydration 3. Redox, carboxylation 4. Carboxylation, addition of CoA 5. Phosphorylation 6. Redox 7. Hydration 8. Redox

Question 33

Which is more versatile, ATP or GDP

Answer 33

ATP

Question 34

What are the results of the citric acid cycle

Answer 34

6 NADH 4 CO2 (waste) 2 ATP/GDP 2 FADH2

Question 35

WHat happens in the ETC

Answer 35

- Transfer of e- from NADH to FADH 2 to O2 - e- are makulit so they need to move to be stable - when they move, energy is released - H+ uses that energy to do active transport (matrix --> intermembrane space) - O2 is final acceptor molecule, forms water with H+ - H+ goes back through facilitated diffusion

Question 36

Where does ETC take place

Answer 36

Mitochondrial membrane

Question 37

What does ATP synthase do specifically

Answer 37

Oxidative phosphorylation | Spins

Question 38

What do we get from ETC

Answer 38

ATP, H2O

Question 39

What is the overall result of cellular respiration

Answer 39

Glycolysis: 2 NADH *3 Acetyl CoA: 2 NADH * 3 Krebs: 6 NADH * 3 + 2 FADH - 34 ATP

Question 40

How much ATP do we get from each phase of cell resp

Answer 40

2, 0, 2, 34 = 38

Question 41

What happens in anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 41

So pyruvate from glycolysis goes through LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PATHWAY instead of CoA Instead of oxidizing, pyruvate is reduced Becomes lactic acid --> cramps

Question 42

How efficient is anaerobic metabolism

Answer 42

1/18 than aerobic (2 compared to 36-38)