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Biology 100.01 > 2 - The Origin and Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

2 - The Origin and Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the unique properties of water

A
  1. High specific heat capacity
  2. High heat of vaporization
  3. Unique density behavior
  4. Highly polar molecule
  5. High surface tension
  6. Low viscosity
  7. Involved in many chemical reactions

SHRTVPD (shrt-vaped)
Specific heat capacity, Heat of vaporization, Reactions, Tension, Viscosity, Polar, Density

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2
Q

At what temperature is the maximum density of water reached?

A

4ºC

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3
Q

What is cohesion

A

It is when water molecules stick together

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4
Q

Differentiate hydrolysis and condensation

A

Hydrolysis: breaking down of water; Condensation: simple molecules are linked together

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5
Q

What are the basic organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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6
Q

What is the ratio of composition of carbohydrates?

A

1C : 2H : 1O

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7
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

Fuel, structure

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8
Q

What are the kinds of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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9
Q

Which monosaccharides can undergo cellular respiration right away?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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10
Q

What is the disaccharide product of glucose and fructose

A

Sucrose

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11
Q

Give 3 examples of polysaccharides

A

starches, cellulose, glycogen

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12
Q

What is the polysaccharide that you can find in your liver?

A

glycogen

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13
Q

What are the two kinds of neutral lipids?

A

Fats, oils

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14
Q

Differentiate the two kinds of neutral lipids.

A 
Fats = saturated, no double bonds, solid at room temp
Oils = unsaturated, have double bonds so kinky, liquid at room temp
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15
Q

Why are monosaccharides a better fuel than lipids?

A

Lipids have to be emulsified first

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16
Q

What is the basic structure of lipids?

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

17
Q

What is the composition of a phospholipid

A

2 fatty acids + phosphoric acid + 1 glycerol

18
Q

What makes something amphipathic?

A

Hydrophilic (inside/enclosed) and hydrophobic (outside/exposed)

19
Q

What are all proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids

20
Q

What is the basic structure of proteins

A
  • Central carbon
  • amino
  • carboxyl
  • free hydrogen
  • side chain
21
Q

How are amino acids linked?

A

Condensation reaction (Water becomes peptide bond (glycosilic bonds in mono)

22
Q

What are the four levels of organization in proteins?

A

Primary (chain)
Secondary (alpha helices aka screw / beta pleated sheets)
Tertiary (3D; bonds formed bet side chain)
Quaternary, more than one polypeptide

23
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Catalysts; highly specific (can only work with one substrate)

24
Q

What are prions?

A

Change shape of proteins

25
Q

What are the two most common nucleic acids?

A

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA ribonucleic acid

26
Q

What is the main function of nucleic acids?

A

Protein synthesis

27
Q

Differentiate DNA and RNA

A

DNA - double stranded, has thymine, deoxyribose

RNA - single stranded, has uracil, ribose

28
Q

What are nucleic acids made up of?

A
  • Sugar
  • phosphate
  • nitrogenous base

Whole thing: nucleotide

29
Q

What is ATP made up of?

A

Ribose + phosphate + adenine

30
Q

What is the main finding of the Miller-Urey Experiment?

A

Biomolecules can come from geothermal elements in primitive earth?

31
Q

Discuss the thermal condensation reaction

A

20 amino acids were subjected to 180ºC. After 2 weeks, they linked & formed a polypeptide. Fatty acids became spheres like living cells and they had a coating like plasma membrane that could do osmosis & diffusion.

32
Q

Discuss the theory of spontaneous generation

A

Living organisms arose from nonliving materials. VERY EXTREME

33
Q

Who disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

Discuss Abiogenic Molecular Evolution

A

Life GRADUALLY arose

Simple molecules –> organic compounds

35
Q

Oparin-Haldane hypothesis?

A

Amino acids combined to complex polymers

Basically like abiogenesis

Biology 100.01 (4 decks)

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