4 - Cell Differentiation And Specialisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is differentiation

A

It is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

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2
Q

When a cell changes, what does it develop

A

It develops different subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells.

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3
Q

When does differentiation occur the most

A

When an organism develops.

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4
Q

What is the difference between animal and plant cells differentiation ability

A

Animal cells lose to ability at an early stage whereas plant cells don’t ever lose this ability

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5
Q

What is an undifferentiated cell

A

It is called a stem cell

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6
Q

What are sperm cells specialised for

A

They are specialised for reproduction

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7
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell

A

It’s function is to get the Male DNA to the female DNA

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8
Q

What are the features of a sperm cell to help it swim to the egg

A

It has a long tail and a streamlined head

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9
Q

What does the sperm cell have a lot of

A

It has a lot of mitochondria to provide the energy needed

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10
Q

What is in the head of a sperm cell

A

It has enzymes in its head to digest through the cell membrane

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11
Q

What are nerve cells specialised in

A

They are specialised for rapid signalling

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12
Q

What is the function of nerve cells

A

It’s function is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another

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13
Q

Why are nerve cells long

A

They are long to cover more distance

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14
Q

How do nerve cells get along the body

A

They are long and have branched connections at their end to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body

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15
Q

What are muscle cells specialised for

A

Muscle cells are specialised for contraction

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16
Q

What is a muscle cells function

A

It’s function is to contract quickly

17
Q

Why are muscle cells long

A

So that they have space to contract

18
Q

Why do muscle cells contain lots of mitochondria

A

So the muscle cell can generate the energy needed for contraction

19
Q

What are root hair cells specialised for

A

They are specialised for absorbing water and minerals

20
Q

Where are root hair cells located

A

It is located on the surface of plant roots that grow into long hairs that stick out into the soil

21
Q

Why do root hair cells give plants a big surface area

A

So it can absorb water and mineral ions from the soil

22
Q

What are phloem and xylem cells specialised for

A

They are specialised for transporting substances

23
Q

What do phloem and xylem cells form

A

They form phloem and xylem tubes which transport substances such as food and water around plants

24
Q

How are the phloem and xylem tubes formed

A

The cells are long and joined end to end

25
Q

How can stuff flow through xylem and phloem cells

A

Xylem cells are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have very few subcellular structures so that stuff can flow through them