4 Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Question 1

Connective Tissue

Answer 1

Bone, Blood, Cartilage, Connective Tissue Proper; loose and dense.

Question 2

Hyaline

Answer 2

most abundant, flexibility and resilience; trachea, articular cartilage,

Question 3

Fibrocartilage

Answer 3

thick collagen fibers, shock absorber; intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis

Question 4

Elastic

Answer 4

highly branched elastic fibers, flexibility; Epiglottis, auricle of the ear

Question 5

Chondroblasts

Answer 5

Produce matrix of cartilage

Question 6

Chondrocytes

Answer 6

Mature cartilage, resides in lacuna

Question 7

Perichondrium

Answer 7

made of dense connective tissue, provides mechanical support and protection

Question 8

Bone

Answer 8

Osseous connective tissue

Question 9

Calcified extracellular matrix

Answer 9

Calcium phosphate

Question 10

Hemopoiesis

Answer 10

Red bone marrow

Question 11

Bone stores minerals and energy in…

Answer 11

calcium phosphate, yellow bone marrow

Question 12

Epiphysis

Answer 12

ends of long bones

Question 13

diaphysis

Answer 13

shaft of long bone

Question 14

metaphysis

Answer 14

contains the epiphyseal plate or line

Question 15

articular cartilage

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones within joints

Question 16

Medullary cavity

Answer 16

contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in children

Question 17

Endosteum

Answer 17

layer of cells lining the spongy bone and medullary cavity

Question 18

periosteum

Answer 18

dense CT outer covering of bone

Question 19

perforating fibers

Answer 19

attach the periosteum to compact bone

Question 20

Nutrient foramen

Answer 20

contains nutrient artery

Question 21

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 21

stem cells derived from mesenchyme that become osteoblasts

Question 22

Osteoblasts

Answer 22

Immature osteocytes that build bone by secreting osteoid, decreases blood calcium levels

Question 23

Osteocytes

Answer 23

mature bone sells that maintain bone matrix, Reside in lacunae

Question 24

Osteoclasts

Answer 24

Cells that consume bone, Phagocytic cells using hydrochloric acid and lysosomes, increase blood calcium levels.

Question 25

Compact bone

Answer 25

cortical bone, solid, dense, lined by periosteum found superficially, contains osteons

Question 26

Spongy bone

Answer 26

cancellous or trabecular, porous, lined by Endosteum found deeper regions of bone.

Question 27

Osteon (Haversian system)

Answer 27

Basic structural and functional unit

Question 28

Central canal

Answer 28

Haversian canal

Question 29

Concentric lamellae

Answer 29

concentric rings of osseous connective tissue that surround the central canal

Question 30

Osteocytes

Answer 30

mature bone cells

Question 31

Lacunae

Answer 31

cavities which house osteocytes

Question 32

Canaliculi

Answer 32

connecting neighboring lacunae, allow nutrients minerals, gases, and wastes to travel between the central canal and osteosytes

Question 33

Perforating canals

Answer 33

connect blood and nerve supply to central canal

Question 34

Trabeculae (spongy bone)

Answer 34

main structure, forms crisscrossing bars and plates

Question 35

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 35

forms flat bones, bone growth within a membrane

Question 36

Endochondral ossification

Answer 36

bone growth within cartilage, fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bone, formation of most bones

Question 37

Interstitial bone growth

Answer 37

length

Question 38

appositional bone growth

Answer 38

thickness

Question 39

Fracture repair

Answer 39

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilage callus forms, hard boney callus forms, bone remodeled.

Question 40

Osteomalacia

Answer 40

Rickets in children, soft bones, and leads to bowed legs…vitamin D deficiency, Calcium deficiency

Question 41

Osteoporosis

Answer 41

Excessive bone resorption, aged and post menopause

Question 42

Synarthrosis

Answer 42

immovable

Question 43

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 43

Slightly movable…

Question 44

Diarthosis

Answer 44

freely movable. Di=two parts moving around

Question 45

Fibrous

Answer 45

connected by fibrous tissue

Question 46

Cartilagenous

Answer 46

connected by cartilage

Question 47

Synovial

Answer 47

contains a joint cavity

Question 48

Gomphoses

Answer 48

Fibrous joint, synarthotic, peg-in-socket, tooth root.

Question 49

Suture

Answer 49

Fibrous joint synarthrotic

Question 50

Syndesmoses

Answer 50

Fibrous joint amphiarthrotic connects ulna to radius. Syndesmosis interosseous membrane

Question 51

Synchondroses

Answer 51

Cartilagious joint, synarthrotic, bones connected by hyaline cartilage (immobile joints between the rib and its costal cartilage)

Question 52

Symphyses

Answer 52

Amphiarthrotic, bones connected by fibrocartilage, intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis

Question 53

Sprain

Answer 53

reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn

Question 54

Torn Cartilage

Answer 54

tearing of the meniscus or articular cartilage

Question 55

Dislocation

Answer 55

bones forced out of alignment

Question 56

Bursitis

Answer 56

Inflammation of a bursa because of a blow

Question 57

Tendonitis

Answer 57

Inflammation of a tendon or tendon sheath because of overuse

Question 58

Gouty arthritis

Answer 58

Uric acid crystals in joint cavity

Question 59

osteoarthritis

Answer 59

Chronic degenerative condition; wear and tear

Question 60

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 60

autoimmune disease; chronic inflammatory disorder

Question 61

Lever System FRE

Answer 61

1st Fulcrum in the middle, 2nd is resistance in the middle, 3rd is effort in the middle.