4. Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What is the simplest form of a carbohydrate?
Glucose.
What are three large carbohydrate molecules?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose.
What are fats composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What molecules make up fats and oils? What do these form?
Fatty acids and glycerol. Three fatty acids and one glycerol = triglyceride.
What is a carbohydrate monomer?
Monossacharide
What is a carbohydrate polymer?
Polyssacharide
What is a fat polymer?
Triglyceride
What are proteins composed of?
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
What is the simplest forms of proteins?
Amino acids
What is a protein monomer?
Amino acids
What is a protein polymer?
Polypeptides
What are examples of protein polymers?
Insulin, amylase, dopamine…
How do you test for reducing sugars? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?
You use Benedict’s solution and a boiling water bath.
Positive: closer to red on the rainbow
Negative: closer to blue on the rainbow
How do you test for fats? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?
You use ethanol.
Positive: milky/cloudy
Negative: colorless
How do you test for protein? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?
You use Buiret solution.
Positive: purple
Negative: blue
How do you test for starch? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?
You use iodine.
Positive: blue/black
Negative: orange/brown
How do you test for vitamin C? How do you know if the test was positive or negative?
You use DCPIP.
Positive: colourless
Negative: blue
What does iron do for our body?
Produces haemoglobin.
What does vitamin C do for our body?
It boosts our immune system.
What does water do for our bodies?
Moves nutrients and waste products throughout the body.
What does fiber do for our body?
Helps with peristalsis and keeps food running smoothly through the alimentary canal.
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
- two strands coiled together to form a double helix
- each strand contains chemicals called bases
- bonds between pairs of bases hold strands together
- bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G
