2. Organisation of the organism Flashcards
What structural features do plant and animal cells share?
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
ribosome
What structural features do only plant cells have?
cell wall
vacuoles
chloroplasts
Describe the structure of a bacterial cell.
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm (where metabolic reactions take place, lack of mitochondria)
ribosomes
circular DNA
plasmids
What are plasmids?
structure in bacterial cell: small loops of DNA containing a few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria.
Function of cell wall
provides shape and support, prevents bursting when cell absorbs water
Function of cell membrane
controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell - partially permeable membrane (allows only some molecules to pass through)
Function of nucleus
controls all the activities of the cell (the cell’s metabolism)
Function of the cytoplasm
site of many chemical reactions that take place in the cell
Function of chloroplasts
site of photosynthesis in the cell
may contain starch grains that act as food stores
Function of ribosomes
site of protein synthesis in the cell
Function of mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration, releases energy for the cell
Function of vacuoles
help the cell to stay rigid, some substances can be stored in them
What is circular DNA and its function?
chromosomal DNA found in bacteria, contains genetic material
How are new cells produced?
division of existing cells
Function of ciliated cells
movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
Function of root hair cells
absorption of water and mineral ions
Function of palisade mesophyll cells
photosynthesis
Function of neurones
conduction of electrical impulses
Function of red blood cells
transport of oxygen
Function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)
reproduction
What is a cell?
smallest basic unit of living organisms
What is a tissue?
group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function
What is an organ?
structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions
What is an organ system?
group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions
What is an organism?
organ systems, each with different functions, working in a coordinated way
Magnification =
image size ÷ actual size
How can you convert between millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)?
micrometers = millimeters × 1,000
