12. Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

State 7 uses of energy in living organisms.

A
  • muscle contraction
  • protein synthesis
  • cell division
  • active transport
  • growth
  • passage of nerve impulses
  • maintenance of a constant body temperature
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2
Q

Describe the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast.

A
  1. rate of respiration increases with increasing temperature up to the optimum temperature
  2. rate of respiration decreases after reaching optimum
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3
Q

Why does the rate of respiration decrease in yeast after reaching optimum?

A

because the enzyme that catalyses the reaction is denatured at higher temperatures

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4
Q

What is the optimum temperature for respiration of yeast?

A

30–40 °C

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5
Q

Investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast.

A
  1. Take a beaker to serve as a water bath and a boiling tube with activated yeast suspension and sugar solution
  2. Cover the boiling tube with a bung and connect the delivery tube
  3. Place the boiling tube in the water bath
  4. fill a second beaker with water at room temperature, immerse the other end of the delivery tube in this beaker
  5. Pour water at 10 °C into the water bath: as the yeast respires, carbon dioxide bubbles will be seen in beaker 2
  6. measure number of bubbles in 1 min
  7. repeat changing temperatures
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6
Q

Define aerobic respiration.

A

chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

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7
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

Balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

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9
Q

Define anaerobic respiration.

A

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen

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10
Q

Which releases less energy per glucose molecule, aerobic or anaerobic?

A

anaerobic releases much less

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11
Q

Anaerobic respiration releases much less…

A

energy per glucose molecule than aerobic

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12
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

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13
Q

glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

A

anaerobic respiration in yeast

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14
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise

A

glucose → lactic acid

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15
Q

glucose → lactic acid

A

anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise

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16
Q

Balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

17
Q

What builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise?

A

lactic acid

18
Q

What does lactic acid cause?

A

oxygen debt

19
Q

What happens during vigorous exercise?

A
  • cells cannot obtain enough oxygen for aerobic respiration only
  • anaerobic respiration must happen too in muscle cells to provide them with energy to continue working
20
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

the amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid in the liver

21
Q

How must lactic acid be broken down?

A

aerobic respiration in the liver to break down the lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

How is oxygen debt removed after exercise (3 ways)?

A
  • continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in the blood (from muscles to the liver)
  • continuation of deeper and faster breathing: supplies liver the oxygen it needs to break down the lactic acid
  • aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver