4. Biological molecules

Question 1

what is a carbohydrates

Answer 1

carbohydrates include starch, sugar/glucose, and cellulose made from C, O, H
one molecule of carbohydrates include twice as many H than C and O

Question 2

what is a glucose?

Answer 2

the form in which carbohydrates are transported through the body.

Question 3

what happens to glucose

Answer 3

it is dissolved in the blood plasm, which then delivers it to every cell.

Question 4

glucoses necessity in the cell

Answer 4

it makes energy, an example is active transport

Question 5

where is glycogen found

Answer 5

it is found ONLY in animals

Question 6

explain glycogen

Answer 6

glycogen molecules link to form a chain creating a larger molecule. in the blood it keeps glucose levels steady. if there is too much glucose it is stored for later use in the form of glycogen. it is stored in the liver.

Question 7

glucose definition

Answer 7

C6 H12 O6 a type of sugar that can be absorbed by molecules/atoms

Question 8

found in all molecules

Answer 8

carbon

Question 9

where is starch found?

Answer 9

in ONLY plants

Question 10

explain starch

Answer 10

glucose is liked together to form starch, it is formed in plant cells and can be broken down in to glucose when needed

Question 11

carbohydrate testing

Answer 11

we use iodine and Benedict’s solution. if the iodine stay’s brown then there is no starch present but if it turns black or blue then there is starch present

Question 12

molecule definition

Answer 12

a particle with many different atoms that are energy bonded

Question 13

what is a lipid

Answer 13

it is fat and oil. fats are solid at room temp and oil’s are liquid at room temp. all lipids are biological molecules therefor are made up of C, H, O. all lipids are insoluble in water.

Question 14

explain molecular structure

Answer 14

A molecule of fat or oil that is made up of three molecules of an organism fatty acid, joined with one molecule of glycerol.

Question 15

fats role in an organism

Answer 15

they form part of all the cell membrane and internal membrane. e.g. the nucleus membrane. they store energy. e.g. blubber in mammals, seal’s. It keeps them warm and can be broken down in to energy. per gram fat stores more energy than carbohydrates

Question 16

test for lipids

Answer 16

fats and oils do not dissolve in water but in ethanol

Question 17

definition of a protein

Answer 17

a molecule made up of many amino acids linked together. each protein has different specific order of amino acids, if even one amino acid is altered than it become a different protein.

Question 18

definition of an amino acid

Answer 18

it contains C, H, O, and Nitrogen there are over 20 different types of amino acids. they are the building blocks for proteins

Question 19

DNA definition

Answer 19

DNA is made up of chromosomes, it carries the “code/recipe” that instructs the cell which proteins to build, and tells it which amino acids to like together and in what order. DNA is the blue print for almost everything about an organism’s body structure and metabolic reaction takes palce.

Question 20

DNA dosent =

Answer 20

genes

Question 21

structure of DNA

Answer 21

it is double stranded, it is made of smaller molecules called nucleotides. there are 4 bases A, C, G, and T this sequence determines the proteins that will be made in the cell