4. Biological molecules Flashcards
what is a carbohydrates
carbohydrates include starch, sugar/glucose, and cellulose made from C, O, H
one molecule of carbohydrates include twice as many H than C and O
what is a glucose?
the form in which carbohydrates are transported through the body.
what happens to glucose
it is dissolved in the blood plasm, which then delivers it to every cell.
glucoses necessity in the cell
it makes energy, an example is active transport
where is glycogen found
it is found ONLY in animals
explain glycogen
glycogen molecules link to form a chain creating a larger molecule. in the blood it keeps glucose levels steady. if there is too much glucose it is stored for later use in the form of glycogen. it is stored in the liver.
glucose definition
C6 H12 O6 a type of sugar that can be absorbed by molecules/atoms
found in all molecules
carbon
where is starch found?
in ONLY plants
explain starch
glucose is liked together to form starch, it is formed in plant cells and can be broken down in to glucose when needed
carbohydrate testing
we use iodine and Benedict’s solution. if the iodine stay’s brown then there is no starch present but if it turns black or blue then there is starch present
molecule definition
a particle with many different atoms that are energy bonded
what is a lipid
it is fat and oil. fats are solid at room temp and oil’s are liquid at room temp. all lipids are biological molecules therefor are made up of C, H, O. all lipids are insoluble in water.
explain molecular structure
A molecule of fat or oil that is made up of three molecules of an organism fatty acid, joined with one molecule of glycerol.
fats role in an organism
they form part of all the cell membrane and internal membrane. e.g. the nucleus membrane. they store energy. e.g. blubber in mammals, seal’s. It keeps them warm and can be broken down in to energy. per gram fat stores more energy than carbohydrates
test for lipids
fats and oils do not dissolve in water but in ethanol
definition of a protein
a molecule made up of many amino acids linked together. each protein has different specific order of amino acids, if even one amino acid is altered than it become a different protein.
definition of an amino acid
it contains C, H, O, and Nitrogen there are over 20 different types of amino acids. they are the building blocks for proteins
DNA definition
DNA is made up of chromosomes, it carries the “code/recipe” that instructs the cell which proteins to build, and tells it which amino acids to like together and in what order. DNA is the blue print for almost everything about an organism’s body structure and metabolic reaction takes palce.
DNA dosent =
genes
structure of DNA
it is double stranded, it is made of smaller molecules called nucleotides. there are 4 bases A, C, G, and T this sequence determines the proteins that will be made in the cell