3. Movement in and out of cells Flashcards
describe diffusion referring to particles & kinetic energy
Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, driven by the inherent kinetic energy of the particles.
explain what is meant by a diffusion gradient
the gradual change in concentration of particles from one region to another, creating a natural flow of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This gradient is the driving force behind the process of diffusion.
describe active transport
Active transport is a cellular process that uses energy to move molecules or ions against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
explain osmosis in plant cells
Osmosis in plant cells involves the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane or cell wall.
explain osmosis in animal cells
Osmosis in animal cells is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through the cell membrane.
explain water potential
a measure of the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to factors such as osmosis, gravity, pressure, and solute concentration.
explain why diffusion is important in living organisms
the spontaneous movement of substances, such as gases and nutrients, across cell membranes, ensuring the distribution of essential molecules and the maintenance of cellular functions.
diffusions importance to organisms
it allows the movement of essential substances, like oxygen and nutrients, across cell membranes, ensuring proper cell function and overall survival.
explain what factors that affect diffusion
concentration gradient, temperature, particle size, and membrane permeability.
describe osmosis using dialysis tubing
the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, allowing water molecules to pass while not allowing the movement of large solute particles.
describe what happens when an animal is submerged in solutions of different concentrations
animal cells burst in pure water and shrink when place in concentrated solutions
describe what happens when a plant is submerged in solutions of different concentrations
plant cells don’t burst in pure water, because the cell wall doesn’t allow it
explain how water in there cells helps to support plants
water in plant cells provides structural support, maintains turgor pressure, and facilitates nutrient transport, enabling essential biological processes like photosynthesis and cell expansion.
describe how to investigate osmosis using the term water potential
to investigate osmosis using water potential, compare the water potential of a solution with that of a plant cell. Water moves from regions of higher water potential to lower, affecting the direction and rate of osmosis in plant cells.
explain what happens when an animal is submerged in solutions of different concentrations
When an animal is submerged in solutions of different concentrations, water will move across cell membranes based on osmosis. In a hypertonic solution, water exits the cells, causing them to shrink; in a hypotonic solution, water enters the cells, leading to swelling or bursting; in an isotonic solution, there’s an equilibrium with no net water movement.
