4- Asian Regionalism Flashcards
1968
- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was born. There were five original members: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore and Thailand.
-The primary goal of the ASEAN is to merge Southeast Asian Countries to fight against communism. This is an idea that was influenced by the United States of America, who was engaged in the Vietnam War during that time. - ASEANs primary agenda was to establish security.
- The ASEAN was an outgrowth of the
unsuccessful SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization) idea, which was predicted as a type of Asian NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) organization against communism
1989
- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was born through the strong support given by the United States of America.
- The APEC meeting was institutionalized with the aim of monitoring and analysing regional markets and institutions. To keep an eye on the governing rules and norms for facilitating transparent and efficient business transactions in the region.
- Its focus was economic and its style was
technocratic (controlled by elite and technical
experts)
1997
The ASEAN plus Three (Japan, Korea, and
China) was created. Japan, Korea and China were the major economic powers during the time.
In the 2000s, the tide of globalization swept through East and Southeast Asia as well as the rest of the world. The Three registered more than 50% of their total trade as intraregional and started to support all the countries within the region.
In order to adapt to the challenges of
globalization, the proposal of ASEAN plus Six (Japan, Korea, China, India, Australia and New Zealand) was formed thus creating the EAST ASIAN SUMMIT
2010
The East Asian Summit added two more
members, the United States of America and Russia which initiated a new phase in the Asian Regionalism.
The year 2010 also marked great advances made by two economic giants in the region namely USA and China
China started assertive maritime claims in East and South China as well as the Bengal seas; coupled with resource exploitations in Vietnam, Myanmar Indonesia and India.
USA initiated dialogues and military
exchanges with Vietnam, Indonesia and India which included scientific, technological and
scientific components
Three propositions that would help understand the ideas of Asian regionalism.
- Geographical Asia is too diverse for cultural
- Geographical Asia is too small for globalizing Asia
- Geographical Asia is too conflictual internally for strategic Asia
(Three Propositions) Geographical Asia is too diverse for cultural
Asia to have a Cultural homogeneity is not a guarantee for regionalist community formation. The
presence of diverse cultural ideals among the Asian Nations will serve as a major challenge in the quest for cooperation and unification. Nevertheless, cultural homogeneity in general can help in building confidence among candidate members of regionalism. Yet it must be noted that diversity itself may help build tolerance among the regional members
(Three Propositions) Geographical Asia is too small for globalizing Asia
It is ironical to say that Asia is too small for Asia. But it is a reality. Chinas major economic partners lie outside East, Southeast, and South Asia combined. Korea has stated in the National
Assembly that although Korea is a geographically small country, it is seeking to become the country whose bilateral free trade agreements. The three Northeast Asian countries, China,
Japan, and Korea, have some of the densest and wide-ranging networks of economic transactions in the world, and each of the three adopt a highly global orientation, as does India. So therefore,
Asia is too small for Asia. Asia’s introduction to ideas of Asian regionalism developmental momentum is strong and that the appetite for global markets is strong. But the saddest part of it is that most of the Asian nations are not sufficiently exploiting their own domestic consumption
markets
(Three Propositions) Geographical Asia is too conflictual internally for strategic Asia
Regionalism must have a strategy in terms of solidarity and cohesion. Yet if friends and foes are to be among member-candidates of regionalism, regionalizing momentum will have hard time progressing. In Asia, nearly all states have been brought up as potential members but there are still certain issues that are needed to be addressed in order to initiate unity to the entire.
Therefore, action tends to be taken without explicitly distinguishing foes from friends
What is the difference between Regionalization and Globalization?
- They both refer to integration
Globalization -integration of social relations and consciousness across World-space and worldtime
Regionalization -societal integration within a region, and often undirected process of social and
economic integration
What is the difference between Regionalization and Globalization?
In terms of scope Globalization is borderless.
Regionalization happens in a specific geographical portion of the world.
What is the difference between Regionalization and Globalization?
Globalization refers to regional concentration of economic flows as O P P O S E D to Regionalism refers to a political process by economic policy of cooperation and coordination
among countries.
Factors of Greater Asian Integration
- Driven by the market
- Establishment of formal institutions
- Economic grants and overseas development assistance programs – Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
- Production networks
- The Asian bond
Factors of Greater Asian Integration
- Driven by the market
- Asia facilitates interactions of a variety of systems, institutions, social relations and infrastructures.
- East Asia economies get labor from some Southeast Asian nation like the Philippines and Indonesia.
- Thailand exports its grocery products to different 24-hour convenience stores, while Indonesia and Vietnam sell their bags and clothing to the other parts of the region.
Factors of Greater Asian Integration
- Establishment of formal institutions – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
Factors of Greater Asian Integration
- Economic grants and overseas development assistance programs – Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA)
