3- Theoretical Understanding of Global North and South

Question 1

Dependency Theory.

Answer 1

Dependency theory looks back on the patterns of colonial relations which existed between the North and South and emphasizes how colonized territories eventually became poor caused by those relations (Litonjua, 2012). Theorists who advocate this idea believe that the economies of
ex-colonial states remain oriented towards serving external rather than internal demand. They are inclined in pleasing the foreign nation even up to the extent of sacrificing their own country‗s welfare. Dependency theory is closely related with Latin American Structuralism. It is the only
school of development economics emerging from the Global South to be affiliated with a national research institute and to receive support from national banks and finance ministries

Question 2

Walt W. Rostow’s Modernization Theory.

Answer 2

Rostow’s modernization theory, which outlined historical progress in terms of a society’scapacity to produce and consume material goods, became a key foreign policy precept of the Kennedy administration. This pushes the idea that other nations should emulate and follow the United States of America, with its special ‘way of life’, in promoting the modernization of other countries as a way for them to catch up with Western powers. For the countries that could not
keep up with the modernization trend remained to be poor and underdeveloped.

Question 3

Realism

Answer 3

• The most criticized perspective yet most dominant and influential
• Can be traced from Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes.
• Realist vision is pessimistic. It advocates that the international system is uneven, highly conflicting and marked by power struggle. It is based on how the human nature is characterized as being selfish and greedy.
• States prioritizes self-interest and that a nation is being judged by the ethics of
  responsibility rather than the morals of its principles.

Question 4

Liberalism

Answer 4

• Liberals are opposite of realists because of a more optimistic view in international
  system.
• The offer that the principle of balance and harmony is found in all forms of social interactions.
• Reflected in Immanuel Kants belief, universal and perpetual peace is possible because states are capable of cooperation and value mutual respect.
• Liberals assume that through trade economic interdependence, division and war are less likely to happen

Question 5

Marxism

Answer 5

Highlights the structures of economic power rather than patterns of conflict and cooperation.
Suggests inequalities in global system.
As a state in ―Global South‖ engage in trading with the parts of ―Global North‖, this would only result to equal benefits between the players because generally, the capitalist or industrialized countries in Global North tend to dominate and exploit the global south.