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MD3002 WEEK 5 - A > 4. Anti-helminthics > Flashcards

4. Anti-helminthics Flashcards

1
Q

Types of host

A

Definitive
Intermediate
Accidental
Paratenic

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2
Q

Pathological mechanisms

A

Inflammation
Competition for nutrients
Space occupying lesions
Stimulation of fibrosis

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3
Q

How are cestodes treated

A

Praziquantal

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4
Q

Side effects of praziquantel

A

Dizziness, headache, drowsiness, diahhrea

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5
Q

How are nematode infections treated

A

Albendazole

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6
Q

What is the mode of action of albendazole

A

Binds to colchicine sentitive receptor or tubulin
Prevents polymerisation into microtubules
Impaired glucose uptake and depleted glycogen stores

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7
Q

Side effects of albendazole

A

Concentrated in semen may become teratogenic
Persistent sore throat
Headaches
Dizziness

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8
Q

Mode of action of praziquantel

A

Increases calcium permeability of membranes depolarising them
Interfere with purine synthesis

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9
Q

Piperazine mode of action

A

Antagonist against gamma butyric acid receptor paralysing muscular activity

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10
Q

How is ascariasis and enterobius treated

A

Piperazine

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11
Q

Side effects of piperazine

A

GI upset

Dizziness

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12
Q

How are hookworms and roundworms treated

A

Pyrantel

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13
Q

Mode of action of pyrantel

A

Causes depolarising neuromuscular blockage

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14
Q

Treatment of ascariasis and mixed ascaris hookworm infection

A

Levamisole

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15
Q

LEvamisole side effects

A

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

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16
Q

Treatment of filaria infection

A

Diethyl carbamazine

17
Q

Diethyl carbamazine mode of action

A

Inhibits arachidonuc acid making parasites more susceptible to immune attack

18
Q

Ivermectin mode of action

A

Binds glutamate-gated chloride increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions with hyperpolarisation of the nerve of muscle cell causing paralysis and death of the parasite either directly or causing it to starve

19
Q

Invermectin uses

A

Filarial worms, lice, scabies and onchoceriasis

20
Q

Niclosamide mode of action

A

Inhibits glucose uptake, oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic metabolism

21
Q

Niclosamide uses

A

Tape worm infections only

22
Q

Niclosamide side effects

A

Dizziness
Skin rashes
Drowsiness
Perianal itching

MD3002 WEEK 5 - A (7 decks)

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