4 Flashcards
What is Ethics?
A branch of philosophy that tries to clarify and analyse arguments people use when discussing moral questions.
What are the reasons and justifications for our beliefs about right or wrong? Many factors can influence our concern/action over animal welfare which can include responsibility or animal appeal.
Define ‘autonomy’ (ethical perspective)
An autonomous decision might be described as one that is made freely without influence, by a competent person, in fill knowledge and understanding of the relevant information necessary to make such a decision.
Define ‘beneficence’ (ethical perspective)
connotes acts of mercy, kindness and charity. Is suggestive of altruism, love, humanity and promoting the good of others.
Define ‘non-maleficence’ (ethical perspective)
First do no harm, may be better do anything if the intervention is likely to cause harm but there is a less certain chance of benefit.
Define ‘justice’ (ethical perspective)
respect for people’s rights and respect for morally acceptable laws
What are the moral status positions of animals?
- Animals have no moral status- We have no duties towards them, thus we can beat a dog if we feel- most people would have an issue with this. Animals viewed as vermin may not be seen as having a moral status. Invertebrates are commonly viewed in this manner.
- Animals have ‘instrumental’ value (of use)- we have indirect duties to them. eg- beating a dog may upset the owner and make someone more likely to be cruel to humans
- Animals have intrinsic value- we have direct duties to them. The animal matters for the animal’s own sake. eg- don’t beat the dog as it would hurt the animal and that is what matters!
What reasons are there for giving intrinsic moral value to animals?
What is it that gives it moral status?
Does the animal have a capacity to feel?
Many philosophers suggest that if an animal has the capacity to feel, then the animal has at least some basic interests.
