1. History of Animal Welfare Flashcards
When did the domestication of animals begin?
8500- 1000BC
Started with dogs but later cats, sheep, camels, horses, chickens etc
What practices do Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism follow?
Ahimsa- non violence to all living beings. They forego meat-eating and animal sacrifice and take great precautions to not hurt animals
What practices do Judaism, Christianity and Islam follow?
Less comprehensive in their concern for animals, but include provision for human treatment
Where did the vivisection (operations on live animals) for scientific and medical purposes begin?
Ancient Greece
What practices did the ancient Greeks and Roman Philosophers advocate?
Vegetarianism and Kindness towards animals
State the timeline of welfare events taking place between 1600 - late 19th century
1600-1800: Philosophers take up the question of animals and their treatment, some arguing that they are sentient beings who deserve protection.
1800-1914: British parliament passes the first national animal protection legislation, and the first animal protection and vegetarian organisations form in the US and UK
Late 19th century: The American and British anti-vivisection movements grow in the late 19th century
What welfare events took place during 1914-1966?
The beginning of intensive animal agriculture in the 1920s and the increasing role of animals in experimentation in cosmetics.
Media coverage of animal abuse spurs concern over animal welfare helping the bring the first animal welfare legislation in the US
The theoretical possibility of in vitro animal products is recognised
Which welfare events took place from 1966?
Consumption of animal products increases.
In Europe and the US, books, documentaries and media coverage surrounding animal cruelty boost animal rights and welfare movements
Animal welfare and rights and Plant-based diets increase significantly
State the timeline of ethical events taking place from 530BC - 1600s
530BC: Greek philosopher Pythagoras is the first in a line of several Greek and Roman philosophers to teach that animals have souls and became an advocate for vegetarianism.
100s: Greek medical philosopher Galen’s experiments in live animals help establish vivisection as a widely used scientific tool
1600s: Philosopher/scientist René Descartes argues that animals are machines without feeling and performs biological experiments on live animals
Which ethical theories came around in 1780, 1859 and 1906?
1780: An introduction to the principles and morals and legislation- philosopher Jeremy Bentham. “The question is not can they reason? Nor can they talk? But can they suffer? “
1859: Charles Darwin- the evolutionary study of humans descending from animals
1906: J.Howard Moore advocates for the ethical consideration and treatment of all sentient beings
Key events during the Animal Rights Movement?
Animal rights activist Richard Ryder coins the term ‘speciesism’ to describe the devaluing of nonhuman animals on the basis of species alone (1970)
Peter singer publishes Animal Liberation, outlining the conditions of farmed animals and lab animals giving a utilitarian point of view (1975)
Tom Reagan publishes The case for Animal Rights- an influential philosophical argument that animals have rights (as opposed to Singers utilitarian case for animal liberation)
What viewpoints are there regarding food ethics?
Jan 2020-Britain rules Veganism as a protected. Philosophical belief In regards to vegan Jordi Casamitjana who states he was fired due to his ethical veganism
