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Blood Bank > 4, 5, 6 > Flashcards

4, 5, 6 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ - Incidence Antigens and corresponding antibodies make it very difficult to locate blood products for transfusion

A

High

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2
Q

Name three types of Antigen- Antibody reactions

A

Agglutination
Hemolysis
Precipitation

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3
Q

Define agglutination

A

Clumping of RBCs

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4
Q

What is agglutination caused by?

A

Antibodies bridges between antigens on different cells

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5
Q

Where can agglutination occur ?

A

In vitro/ in vivo

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6
Q

Agglutination is the end stage of most _________ reactions.

A

Ab/ Ag

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7
Q

Define hemolysis

A

rupturing (lysis) of RBCs

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8
Q

Where can hemolysis occur?

A

in vitro/ in vivo

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9
Q

Hemolysis is the endpoint for ____________ & _______________

A

Ag/ Ab reactions; blood bank/serology procedures

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10
Q

What is activated in order for hemolysis to occur? What is it activated by?

A

Complement; is activated by IgM or IgG Antibodies

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11
Q

Define precipitation.

A

Formation of insoluble, usually visible, complex between soluble Ab and soluble Ag

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12
Q

In precipitation a positive reaction appears as __________________.

A

Ring or sediment

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13
Q

Precipitation is the endpoint in _____________________________.

A

immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis

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14
Q

What two reactions are transfusion services primarily concerned with?

A

Agglutination and hemolysis reactions

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15
Q

What are the two stages of agglutination?

A

Sensitization and Agglutination

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16
Q

What is sensitization?

A

1st stage: Ab attaches to Ag on RBC membrane

17
Q

What is agglutination?

A

2nd stage: formation of bridges between sensitized RBCs to form a lattice

18
Q

What factors affect the first stage of agglutination? ( there are seven)

A
  1. Equilibrium constant
  2. Antibody
  3. Temperature
  4. pH
  5. Incubation time
  6. Ionic Strength
  7. Ag/ Ab proportions
19
Q

What is the proper testing for routine blood bank testing?

A

Clotted/anticoagulated

20
Q

What information must be on a sample used for blood bank testing?

A

Patient assession number, test being performed and date of collection

21
Q

May hemolyzed specimen be used for routine blood bank testing? Explain.

A

No, because hemolysis is considered a positive reaction

22
Q

Antibodies to ABO blood group antigens are usually…
A) autoimmune
B) naturally occurring

A

B)

23
Q

Generally, at what temperature do ABO antibodies best react?

A

Room temp

24
Q

ABO Antibodies are generally ____ antibodies the do not cross the placenta and can bind complement.

A

IgM

25
Q

What is the purpose of the Rh control?

A

To rule out pseudo agglutination for patients that are AB Positive

26
Q

What reaction agglutinates predominantly in the lower half of gel microtube?

A

1+

27
Q

What reaction agglutinates dispersely throughout length of gel column?

A

2+

28
Q

What reaction does the majority of the cell agglutinates get trapped in upper half of gel microtube?

A

3+

29
Q

What reaction is there a solid band of cell agglutinates on top of the gel?

A

4+

30
Q

Why is ABO serum grouping not performed on cord blood specimens?

A

Cord blood has Wharton’s jelly and will interfere with protein in blood

31
Q

In the serum of group A individual what antibodies are expected to be detected?

A

Anti B

32
Q

In the serum of a group B individual, what antibodies are expected to be detected?

A

Anti A

33
Q

In the serum of a group O individual, what antibodies are expected to be detected?

A

Anti A, Anti B, Anti AB

34
Q

how would you differentiate between a group A1 person and a group A2 person?

A

Anti A1 Lectin

35
Q

If the ABO groups of the parents are both O, what are the possible ABO types for their offspring?

A

O

36
Q

If the ABO groups of the parents are both A, what are the possible ABO types for the offspring?

A

A or O

37
Q

If one parent is group A and the other parent is Group B, what are the possible ABO types for the children?

A

A, B, AB, O

38
Q

If one parent is Group B and the other is Group O ,what are the possible ABO types for the children?

A

B or O

39
Q

What antigens does Bombay blood type lack?

A

H antigen, A antigen and B antigen

Blood Bank (6 decks)

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