4:18 - the eye

Question 1

wavelengths

Answer 1

the distance between the peak of one light/sound wave to the next. determines hue

example: The color of light we see depends on its wavelength, with red having a longer wavelength than blue.

Question 2

hue

Answer 2

dimension of color. is determined by the wavelength of light.

examples: green, blue, red, etc.

Question 3

intensity

Answer 3

the amount of energy in a light or soundwave: brightness or loudness

Question 4

the cornea

Answer 4

where light enters the eye. bends light to provide focus. protects the eye by transparently covering the iris and pupil.

Question 5

the pupil

Answer 5

after passing through the cornea, light passes through the pupil. a small, adjustable opening.

Question 6

the iris

Answer 6

a tiny muscle that surrounds the pupil. dilates/constricts in response to intensity or emotion.

Question 7

lens

Answer 7

behind the pupil. focuses incoming light rays into an image on the retina.

Question 8

retina

Answer 8

multilayered tissue on the eyeball’s sensitive inner surface. focuses the rays by changing its curviture in a process called accomodation. its millions of receptor cells convert light energy into neural impulses that are sent to the brain.

Question 9

parts of the retina:

rods

Answer 9

buried receptor cells that detect greyscale and are needed for peripheral and twilight vision when cones don’t respond.

Question 10

parts of the retina:

cones

Answer 10

buried cell receptors near the center of the retina that function in daylight/well-lit conditions. detect fine detail and cause color sensations.

Question 11

parts of the retina:

the optic nerve

Answer 11

carry neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Question 12

parts of the retina:

blindspot

Answer 12

where the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are there.

Question 13

parts of the retina:

the fovea

Answer 13

the central focus point of the retina, located where the cones cluster

“focus on fovea for fine detail”

Question 14

visual information processing

Answer 14

retina’s neural layers (brain tissue) —> bipolar cells —> ganglion cells’ axons —> the optic nerve —> the brain.

Question 15

feature detectors

Answer 15

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific parts of a stimulus (eg shape, movement, or angle). discovered by Wiesel and Hubel

Question 16

parallel processing

Answer 16

processing many aspects of a problem at once: the brain’s neural mode for processing many functions, including vision. contrasts with step-by-step processing.

Question 17

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory

Answer 17

claims that retina contains three different color receptors. one most sensitive to each color (red, green, and blue). when stimulated in combination, they produce the perception of any color.

Question 18

opponent-process theory

Answer 18

claims that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. for example, some cells are stimulated by green & inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red & inhibited by green.