4

Question 1

This refers to any process through which atmospheric carbon dioxide gas is converted into a solid compound.

Answer 1

Carbon fixation

Question 2

The amount of carbon converted by photosynthesis per unit area and time is a measure of

Answer 2

primary productivity

Question 3

This is the increase in concentration of a substance with increasing position in the food chain.

Answer 3

Biomagnification

Question 4

The conversion of gaseous N2 into NH3, NO2 or NO3

Answer 4

fixation

Question 5

The conversion of amino acids in organic matter into NH3,

Answer 5

mineralization

Question 6

The oxidation of NH3 into NO2 and NO3

Answer 6

nitrification

Question 7

The reduction of nitrates into gaseous N2.

Answer 7

denitrification

Question 8

Overproduction- primary productivity

Answer 8

Eutrophication

Question 9

This is the sum of an area’s organisms, considering the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities

Answer 9

Biodiversity

Question 10

These are areas with a high concentration of endemic species, many are experiencing rapid habitat loss

Answer 10

Biodiversity hotspots

Question 11

These are species restricted to a small region or isolated areas (islands, mountain ranges, deep sea), product of unique habitat, climate features

Answer 11

Endemic species

Question 12

Two main climatic factors correlated with biodiversity are solar energy and water availability (can be considered together as what?)

Answer 12

Evapotranspiration

Question 13

This quantifies the idea that, all other factors being equal, a larger geographic area has more species

Answer 13

Species-area curve

Question 14

This is new species colonizing the island. It increases species richness.

Answer 14

Immigration

Question 15

This is when the last individual of species disappears from an island. It decreases species richness.

Answer 15

Extinction (extirpation)

Question 16

This is the combination of genetic, environmental and demographic factors that drive a small population to extinction.

Answer 16

Extinction vortex

Question 17

These are organisms that have been introduced to new regions where they do not naturally occur,“whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health”

Answer 17

Invasive species

Question 18

These species are introduced into an ecosystem in which they did not evolve, thus they typically have few natural enemies to limit their spread-

Answer 18

Predator and parasite release

Question 19

adult eels spawn in ocean waters in the Sargasso Sea and planktonic larvae migrate into freshwater systems where they metamorphose into juveniles and grow into adults.

Answer 19

catadromous

Question 20

This is the progression of an aquatic ecosystem towards increasing plant biomass through the addition of artificial or natural fertilizers, such as nitrates and phosphates

Answer 20

Eutrophication

Question 21

Human speed up this process, through the addition of nutrients and increase runoff, which is called what

Answer 21

Cultural eutrophication

Question 22

Areas, typically in bottom waters, where the water has little or no oxygen

Answer 22

Dead zones