4 Flashcards
what happens when you apply force to a bone
it will stimulate remodelling to increase bone strength similar will happen with immobilization
what organ does bone not protect
brain
heart
lungs
knees
knees
what happens if the calcium level drops in the blood
the bones will remove more calcium to prepare for calcium loss
the bones begin to degrade because of parathyroid hormone to release calcium into blood to restore normal level
the bones begin to degrade because of parathyroid hormone to release calcium into blood to restore normal level
where is fat storage
red bone marrow
tissue
matrix
yellow bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
what does osteocalcin do to the bones
degrade the bone
remodel the bone
provide smooth movement of bone
glucose metabolism
remodel the bone and glucose metabolism
3 functions of cartilage
flexibility, smooth for articulations, matrix for development of bone
what is the job of osteogenic cells
bone growth
repair and maintain bone
form osteoblasts
resorb bone
form osteoblasts
which cell is responsible for the remodelling of mature bone
osteoclast
osteogenic cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast
osteoblast are responsible for
bone growth
repair and maintain bone
form osteoblasts
resorb bone
bone growth
what cell repairs and maintains health of mature bones?
osteoclast
osteogenic cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteocyte
in compact bone there are elongated cylinders these would be called
matrix
lamella
haversian
osteons
osteons
where are osteocytes located
in lamella
in lacunae
central canal
canaliculi
in lacunae
lacunae are interconnect by small canal allowing for the passage of extracellular fluid which is called
vein
canaliculi
lacunae
volkmann’s
canaliculi
what are cental canals used for
Nerve
vein
artery
all of the above
all of the above
what is interstitial lamellae
covers entire structure of bone
fluid between central canal
spaces between osteons
matrix fluid
spaces between osteons
what part of the spongy bone is remodelled along the lines of stress to give sufficient bone strength
yellow bone marrow
canaliculi
osteocytes
trabeculae
trabeculae
which part of the bones lines canal of compact bone and trabeculae of spongy bones
periosteum
endosteum
nutrient foramen
perforating fibers
endosteum
which bones is mostly made up of compact bone, 2 ends (epiphyses) formed of compact and spongy bone covered with a hyaline cartilage
short bones
flat bones
long bones
irregular bone
long bones
if you see and epiphyseal line on a bone this would tell the person it is a
short bones
flat bones
long bones
irregular bone
long bones
which does not fit the description of irregular bones
cartilage
spongy bone
contains marrow
thin covering of compact bone
cartillage
what bone is found on the skull bones, ribs, and breastbone which has compact bone, spongy bone, and marrow between trabeculae
short bones
flat bones
long bones
irregular bone
flat bones
what shape are short bones
ovalish
cubed
triangle
octagon
cubed
What happens at 8 weeks of embryonic development
irregular bone growth
endochondral ossification
primary ossification
intramembranous ossification (flat bone and clavicle development)
intramembranous ossification
long bones are formed at the
secondary ossification centres
primary ossification centres
epiphyseal surfaces
diaphysis
primary ossification centres
at what age does the epiphyseal line form for males?
19
31
18
21
21
refer to slide 28 bruh im tired
what is it called when bone resorption outpaces bone formation so bone is porous (common in neck and spine)
osteoblast
osteocitos
osteoporosis
osteoporosis
what does the composition of cartillage not include from the Extracellular matrix
cytosol
intersitiual fluid
fibrous materials
fibrous materials
where would you find elastic fibers when talking about cartilage?
nose
ear
lips
shoulde rblades
ear
cartillage is made up of ___ of water
50%
90%
80%
78%
80%
which is not a characteristic of Hyaline cartilage
chondrocytes forming only 1-10% of the volume
found in the external ear and epiglottis
found in embryonic skeleton
found in , cartilages of nose, trachea, and larynx
Its role is to provide support and cushioning during compressive stress
found in the external ear and epiglottis
what type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis allowing for them to bend and return to original shape
elastic cartillage
appears as row of chondrocytes with alternating row of thick collagen fiber found in discs of knee joints, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs. Provides tensile strength and absorb stress.
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage
reticular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
