4

Question 1

Anasarca:

Answer 1

diffuse edema

Question 2

Allantoic cyst:

Answer 2

cyst found within the umbilical cord

Question 3

Are chorioangiomas benign or malignant:

Answer 3

benign

Question 4

Circumvallate placenta:

Answer 4

an abnormally shaped placenta caused by the membranes inserting inward from the edge

Question 5

Cotyledons

Answer 5

Groups or lobes of chorionic villi

Question 6

Erythroblastosis fetalis:

Answer 6

a condition in which there is an incompatibility between fetal and maternal red blood cells

Question 7

Exsanguination:

Answer 7

to bleed out

Question 8

Neonatal period:

Answer 8

first 28 days of life

Question 9

Non immune hydrops

Answer 9

fetal hydrops caused by congenital fetal anomalies and infections

Question 10

Placenta accreta:

Answer 10

abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium in an area where the decidua is either absent or minimal

Question 11

Placenta increta

Answer 11

Invasion of the placenta within the myometrium

Question 12

Placenta percreta:

Answer 12

penetration of the placenta through the uterine serosa and possibly adjacent pelvic organs

Question 13

Preeclampsia is considered after:

Answer 13

20 weeks

Question 14

When the shoulder of the fetus cannot pass through the birth canal

Answer 14

shoulder dystocia

Question 15

Vernix

Answer 15

protective fetal skin covering

Question 16

Vitelline duct:

Answer 16

the structure that connects the developing embryo to the secondary yolk sac

Question 17

Wharton’s Jelly:

Answer 17

gelatinous material that is located within the umbilical cord around the umbilical vessels

Question 18

In later pregnancy, the placenta produces:

Answer 18

estrogen and progesterone

Question 19

The placenta is made up of 3 components:

Answer 19

chorionic plate, placental substance ** contains functional parts of the placenta ** and basal layer

Question 20

What are the concerns with a circumvallate placenta?

Answer 20

vaginal bleeding and placenta abruption

Question 21

The placenta thickness should not exceed:

Answer 21

4cm

Question 22

Placenta previa is more likely seen in women:

Answer 22

multiparity
hx of c-section
advanced maternal age
previous abortion

Question 23

Causes of a thick placenta:

Answer 23

diabetes
maternal anemia 
infection 
fetal hydrops
Rh isoimmunization
multiple gestation

Question 24

Causes of a thin placenta:

Answer 24

diabetes (long standing)
IUGR
placental insufficiency 
polyhydramnios
preeclampsia
small for dates fetus

Question 25

If you suspect potential previa, what should you do?

Answer 25

Get the patient to empty the bladder and assess again

Question 26

Vasa previa is often associated with:

Answer 26

velamentous cord insertion

Question 27

A complete placental abruption often results in the development of ? Where will they be located?

Answer 27

retroplacental hematoma, located between the placenta and myometrium

Question 28

What's the most common placental abruption identified w sonography?

Answer 28

Marginal abruption

Question 29

Maternal conditions associated with placental abruption?

Answer 29

``` hypertension preeclampsia cocaine use cigarette smoking poor nutrition trauma ```

Question 30

What are the concerns with placenta accreta?

Answer 30

Pt could suffer from heavy bleeding at delivery and potentially uterine rupture Pt may need an emergency hysterectomy

Question 31

With placenta accreta, you usually what as well?

Answer 31

Placenta previa

Question 32

What's the symptoms of chorioangioma?

Answer 32

Possible elevation of maternal AFP

Question 33

Sonographic appearance of chorioangioma?

Answer 33

Hypoechoic or hyperechoic mass adjacent to the umbilical cord insertion

Question 34

Larger chorioangiomas are associated with:

Answer 34

polyhydramnios, IUGR and fetal hydrops

Question 35

What's the most common umbilical cord abnormality?

Answer 35

2VC

Question 36

Marginal cord insertion aka

Answer 36

Battledore placenta

Question 37

Are allantoic cysts of concern?

Answer 37

If unresolved, they can be linked to aneuploidy and omphaloceles. These cysts are usually seen at the fetal abdomen

Question 38

What's the most common, but also very rare, tumor of the umbilical cord?

Answer 38

Hemangioma | Usually by cord insertion

Question 39

Does the S/D increase or decrease with gestational age

Answer 39

Decrease

Question 40

A higher S/D ratio is associated with?

Answer 40

Placental resistance, IUGR and oligohydramnios, which is associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity

Question 41

The SDP should measure at least:

Answer 41

2cm

Question 42

When TORCH is suspected, what could you likely see?

Answer 42

Intracranial calcifications Microcephaly Ventriculomegaly and Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 43

IUGR is less than

Answer 43

10th percentile

Question 44

Large for dates is

Answer 44

above 90th percentile

Question 45

What's the best indicator of IUGR?

Answer 45

Abdo circumference

Question 46

Causes of symmetric IUGR:

Answer 46

fetal insult -- infection | genetic disorders, congenital malformations, syndromes

Question 47

Causes of asymmetric IUGR:

Answer 47

Placental insufficiency -- most common risk factor is hypertension Oxygen deficiency

Question 48

Maternal risk factor for macrosomia?

Answer 48

Diabetes

Question 49

Cx length should be at least?

Answer 49

3cm (penny) | or is it 2.5cm?

Question 50

Immune hydrops occurs when the mother has Rh _______ blood, and the fetus has Rh ________- blood

Answer 50

negative | positive (fetus)

Question 51

When and what do they give for immune hydrops?

Answer 51

RhoGAM at 28wks via intrauterine transfusion of RBC's

Question 52

Causes of non-immune hydrops"

Answer 52

``` chorioangioma CCAM diaphragmatic hernia fetal anemia fetal infection structural anomalies chromosomal abnormalities (13, 18, 21, turner's) ```

Question 53

Those at risk for preeclampsia are:

Answer 53

diabetics and those with a hx of gestational trophoblastic disease

Question 54

Sonographic findings of someone with preeclampisa?

Answer 54

``` IUGR oligohydramnios GTD placental abruption or an elevated S/D ratio ```

Question 55

Mother's with pregestational diabetes have a higher risk of:

Answer 55

miscarriage and toxemia the fetus has a higher risk of congenital anomalies, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress and most commonly, cardiac defects, NT defects, sirenomelia, renal abnormalities and caudal regression syndrome

Question 56

Bladder flap hematoma's appear as:

Answer 56

Complex mass greater than 2cm | Located adjacent to the c-sect scar

Question 57

What are the sonogrpahic findings of RPOC?

Answer 57

Color flow in an echogenic mass with endo fluid and endo measuring >10mm Pt's will have PP bleeding and this is treated by D&C

Question 58

All of the following are associated with thin placentas except: preeclampsia, IUGR, fetal hydrops and long standing diabetes

Answer 58

fetal hydrops

Question 59

All of the following are associated with a thick placenta except: fetal infection, Rh isoimmunization, placental insuffiency and multiple gestations

Answer 59

placental insufficiency

Question 60

Placenta accreta:

Answer 60

abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium