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Question 1

Endocardial cushion defect aka:

Answer 1

Atrioventricular defect

Question 2

What is the bat wing sign?

Answer 2

Sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion

Question 3

Bochdalek hernia:

Answer 3

when the abdo contents herniate into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm
herniates through the foramen of Bochdalek

Question 4

Chordae tendinae:

Answer 4

Tendon resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the valves to the papillary muscles

Question 5

What does the ductus arteriosus connect

Answer 5

Pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

Question 6

What does the ductus venosus connect

Answer 6

Umbilical vein to the IVC

Question 7

Ebstein anomaly:

Answer 7

the malformation of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects. More inferiorly located?

Question 8

What is the lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm called?

Answer 8

eventration of the diaphragm

Question 9

What’s the difference between foramen of Bochdalek and Morgagni?

Answer 9

Bochdalek- left posterolateral

Margagni- right anteromedial

Question 10

In hypoplastic left/right heart syndrome, what’s affected?

Answer 10

Ventricles

Question 11

What’s the amniotic fluid test to check for lung maturity?

Answer 11

Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

Normally as lungs develop, lecithin increases and sphingomyelin decreases

Question 12

What holds in place the heart valves?

Answer 12

Papillary muscle

Question 13

Pentalogy of Cantrell:

Answer 13

omphalocele
ectopic cordis
cleft sternum
anterior diaphragmatic defect
pericardial defects

Question 14

What is pulmonary atresia?

Answer 14

The absence of a pulmonary valve which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs

Question 15

What’s a separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply called?

Answer 15

Pulmonary sequestration

Question 16

With pulmonary stenosis, what is narrowed?

Answer 16

Pulmonary valve

Question 17

What is transposition of the great vessels?

Answer 17

When the PA arises from the LV and the aorta arises from the RV

Question 18

Tuberous sclerosis:

Answer 18

a systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

Question 19

The heart begins as two tubes

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What CRL measurement should you see fetal heart activity?

Answer 20

4-5mm

Question 21

Heart is fully formed by

Answer 21

10wks

Question 22

Umbilical vein carries what type of blood?

Answer 22

Oxygenated

Question 23

How much blood is shunted into the ductus venosus?

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

What’s the leading cause of cardiac death in the neonatal period?

Answer 24

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 25

When you see hypoplastic left heart syndrome in girls, what should you suspect?

Answer 25

Turner's syndrome could also think Tri18

Question 26

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome results from

Answer 26

pulmonary stenosis or atresia, but could also be from absent tricuspid valve

Question 27

Most common form of cardiac defect?

Answer 27

VSD

Question 28

AVSD's are commonly associated with:

Answer 28

aneuploidy, tri21 and tri18

Question 29

What is the Ebstein anomaly associated with?

Answer 29

tricuspid regurgitation, ASD's, ToF, trans of GV and coarctation of the aorta

Question 30

Can infants survive with Ebstein's anomaly?

Answer 30

Prognosis is poor, 80% of fetuses pass in the perinatal period

Question 31

What is the most common location of coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 31

left SVA and ductus arteriosus

Question 32

Echogenic foci are most often seen

Answer 32

LV -- which could represent the papillary muscle or chordae tendinae

Question 33

Rhabdomyomas have an association with?

Answer 33

tuberous sclerosis, cardiac failure and fetal hydrops

Question 34

Is prognosis good or bad with ecoptia cordis

Answer 34

Bad

Question 35

Pulmonary hypoplasia is almost always associated with major structural and chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What most likely causes pulmonary hypoplasia?

Answer 36

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 37

Most common location of a diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 37

Left

Question 38

What is the most likely reason of cardiac malpositon?

Answer 38

Diaphragmatic hernia