4-1 (done perman)

Question 1

woman diag with breast cancer
no other history of cancer in fam

genetic testing (y or no)

Answer 1

no

Question 2

what is the procedure where “choosing disability” essentially can happen

Answer 2

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 3

who is a surrogate

Answer 3

person who just carries the pregnancy (she is unrelated to egg or sperm)

Question 4

key point about multicultural counseling

Answer 4

you are from one culture

and your patient is from another culture

thus you, the doc, has to be understanding

Question 5

patient is diagnosed with X - who has right to know

Answer 5

only the patient

Question 6

how do you (doctor) share the info with other fam mem

Answer 6

give the patient the option to tell them or not

ie can only be done thru the patient

Question 7

how deal with mom who wants to know whether baby has Huntington’s, but doesn’t want to know whether SHE HAS it herself

Answer 7

make her indicate on a list which conditions she wants to terminate for

docs know baby has HD. Patient is told that baby has one of conditions on list. Preg terminated

Question 8

give full name for SLE

Answer 8

Systemic lupus ery-the-ma-tosis

Question 9

describe collagen synthesis process from RER to extracellular space

Answer 9

in RER, assemble collagen

• proline is hydroxylized
• ascorbic acid is req

procollagen is secreted to extracellular space

• last step: lysine is oxidized
• read: cross-linking occurs

Question 10

peripheral tolerance of T cells

• anergy mec
• Treg mec

Answer 10

anergy: PD-1 and CTLA-4 inh APC

Treg: make inh cytokine IL-10 and TGF-beta

Question 11

pathogen promote autoimmunity via INF

- describe how

Answer 11

inc APC co-stim of self-reactive T cells

Question 12

what exactly is the reason for caseating necrosis in containing TB

Answer 12

NO and ROS kill infected macrophages = result in caseous necrosis

Question 13

what’s the dif bt extravasation, margination, and diapedesis

Answer 13

ex + mar = things go to the edge of BV, but hasn’t crossed over

dia = thing actually crosses over into the tissue

Question 14

there’s a P selectin

what’s the other selectin called

Answer 14

E selectin (induced by cytokines IL 1 and TNF)

Question 15

steps are 
1-extravasation/margination 
2-rolling 
3-adhesion 
after these steps are

Answer 15

4-transmigration/diapedesis (leaving blood to enter tissue)

5-activation of phagocytes via D/PAMP:TLR interaction

6-destruction via oxy dep or indep factors

Question 16

in extravasation pathway, cytokines/chemokines attract leukocytes

Answer 16

CHEMO attract leukocytes

Question 17

PECAM is relevant to what step of process

Answer 17

transm/diapedesis

MN: need peace the most when you are crossing into something (rather than just staying on the edges)

Question 18

name bacterial PAMP examples

Answer 18

formyl peptide

unmethylated CpG DNA motif

Question 19

acute INF: which leukocytes during which time periods

Answer 19

up to 24: neutrophils

up to 48hr: monocyte

Question 20

exactly define a trans u date

Answer 20

edema fluid with low protein

Question 21

major mec for bacterial killing by neutrophils

Answer 21

H202 -> (enzyme: MPO) -> OCl dot (hypochlorite/bleach)

Question 22

somatic mosaicism is due to non disjunction in mit/mei

Answer 22

MITOSIS