3-1 (done perman)

Question 1

define aminoacidopathy

Answer 1

AA fails to be converted to downstream substrate

Question 2

pop genetics

-environ factor

Answer 2

selection and migration

Question 3

pop genetics used how in fam setting

Answer 3

calculate risk of disease in fam

Question 4

describe the basis of cfDNA (how did the test come about)

Answer 4

someone discovered that entire fetal and maternal genome is found in maternal plasma during preg (read: both genomes are cell free)

Question 5

fetal and mat DNA (can/cannot) be distinguished from each other

Answer 5

cannot

Question 6

what is another name for cordocentesis

Answer 6

PUBS (percutaneous um blood sampling)

Question 7

what is function of wound glue

Answer 7

it binds up the wound like a stich BUT if falls out after the wound heals

Question 8

what’s the sign that wound has become infected with bacteria

Answer 8

• pain
• red
• swollen

Question 9

another name for alternatively activated macrophage

Answer 9

M2 profibrotic

Question 10

define angiogenesis

Answer 10

formation of NEW blood vessels from pre existing vessels

Question 11

what causes wound rupture

another n for wr

Answer 11

n: dehiscence

poor scarring -> WR

Question 12

define keloid

Answer 12

scar grows excessively = keloid

Question 13

why are diabetics prone to pressure ulcers in imp healing?

Answer 13

1 chronic hyperglycemia -> loss of nerve fibers (neuropathy) -> this predisposes person to ulceration

2 diabetics have microvascular disease that impairs formation of granulation tissue

3 diabetics have impaired neutrophil activation

Question 14

methods to accelerate healing of chronic wounds/ulcers

Answer 14

1 hyperbaric oxygen

2 dressings containing colloidal silver

Question 15

what’s dif about healing of myocardial infarcts

Answer 15

within 1 hr, get irreversible ischemia

within 24 hrs, get coagulative necrosis

also whole process takes longer

Question 16

name the enzyme that can replace PAH

function

Answer 16

PA lyase

PA -> ammonia -> hippurate (excreted)

Question 17

how do you target lysosomes

Answer 17

add mannose 6 phosphate to enzymes

Question 18

cytokines are involved in immediate (minutes) or late phase (hrs) rxn

Answer 18

late (hrs)

Question 19

which of the mediators is the most potent one

Answer 19

LT C4 and D4

Question 20

which mediator does everything

Answer 20

PAF

Question 21

what is the most potent eosinophil activating cytokine known

Answer 21

IL-5

Question 22

what is the major cause of symptoms in allergic asthma

Answer 22

late phase rxn

Question 23

how do you treat asthma

Answer 23

give corticosteroids (anti inf)

Question 24

read: mast cells have other receptors on surface (not just for IgE)

• for C3/5a
• for bacteria

Answer 24

-

Question 25

house dust mite allergen - describe

Answer 25

der p 1 (feces) -

cysteine protease that cleaves tight junctions, allowing allergen to get inside

Question 26

what are factors favoring the Th2 phenotype

Answer 26

clean, not in sandbox lifestyle

Question 27

describe rel bt th1 and 2

Answer 27

they are in balance

read: so if have more of one, have less of the other

Question 28

to get less allergy, have less Th2 or Th1

Answer 28

less allergy -> less Th2

Question 29

what are allergy shots

risk

Answer 29

induce tolerance by giving small and regular doses of antigen

risk - if not done properly, can induce systemic rxn

Question 30

give the drug that is an immunotherapy approach to treating severe allergic rxn

Answer 30

Xolair is an Ab that binds IgE and inh it from sitting on mast cells

Question 31

name a steroid to treat hayfever

Answer 31

flonase

Question 32

name for hive break out

Answer 32

ur ti caria

Question 33

IL 3 and IL 5 and “”

Answer 33

GM-CSF