3-1 (done perman) Flashcards
define aminoacidopathy
AA fails to be converted to downstream substrate
pop genetics
-environ factor
selection and migration
pop genetics used how in fam setting
calculate risk of disease in fam
describe the basis of cfDNA (how did the test come about)
someone discovered that entire fetal and maternal genome is found in maternal plasma during preg (read: both genomes are cell free)
fetal and mat DNA (can/cannot) be distinguished from each other
cannot
what is another name for cordocentesis
PUBS (percutaneous um blood sampling)
what is function of wound glue
it binds up the wound like a stich BUT if falls out after the wound heals
what’s the sign that wound has become infected with bacteria
- pain
- red
- swollen
another name for alternatively activated macrophage
M2 profibrotic
define angiogenesis
formation of NEW blood vessels from pre existing vessels
what causes wound rupture
another n for wr
n: dehiscence
poor scarring -> WR
define keloid
scar grows excessively = keloid
why are diabetics prone to pressure ulcers in imp healing?
1 chronic hyperglycemia -> loss of nerve fibers (neuropathy) -> this predisposes person to ulceration
2 diabetics have microvascular disease that impairs formation of granulation tissue
3 diabetics have impaired neutrophil activation
methods to accelerate healing of chronic wounds/ulcers
1 hyperbaric oxygen
2 dressings containing colloidal silver
what’s dif about healing of myocardial infarcts
within 1 hr, get irreversible ischemia
within 24 hrs, get coagulative necrosis
also whole process takes longer
name the enzyme that can replace PAH
function
PA lyase
PA -> ammonia -> hippurate (excreted)
how do you target lysosomes
add mannose 6 phosphate to enzymes
cytokines are involved in immediate (minutes) or late phase (hrs) rxn
late (hrs)
which of the mediators is the most potent one
LT C4 and D4
which mediator does everything
PAF
what is the most potent eosinophil activating cytokine known
IL-5
what is the major cause of symptoms in allergic asthma
late phase rxn
how do you treat asthma
give corticosteroids (anti inf)
read: mast cells have other receptors on surface (not just for IgE)
- for C3/5a
- for bacteria
-
house dust mite allergen - describe
der p 1 (feces) -
cysteine protease that cleaves tight junctions, allowing allergen to get inside
what are factors favoring the Th2 phenotype
clean, not in sandbox lifestyle
describe rel bt th1 and 2
they are in balance
read: so if have more of one, have less of the other
to get less allergy, have less Th2 or Th1
less allergy -> less Th2
what are allergy shots
risk
induce tolerance by giving small and regular doses of antigen
risk - if not done properly, can induce systemic rxn
give the drug that is an immunotherapy approach to treating severe allergic rxn
Xolair is an Ab that binds IgE and inh it from sitting on mast cells
name a steroid to treat hayfever
flonase
name for hive break out
ur ti caria
IL 3 and IL 5 and “”
GM-CSF
