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Systems: Resp. WK > 3.Ventilation and Compliance 1 > Flashcards

3.Ventilation and Compliance 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what volume does anatomical dead space occupy approximately?

A

approx. 150ml

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2
Q

what is anatomical dead space?

A

volume of gas occupied by the conducting airways (trachea/bronchi) and this gas is NOT available for gas exchange

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3
Q

What is the tidal volume (TV)?

A

volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs at each breath

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4
Q

what is the approx. volume of tidal volume (TV) in ml at each breath?

A

500ml

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5
Q

What is the Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

the maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

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6
Q

what is the approx. volume of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) in ml which can be expired?

A

1100ml

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7
Q

What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A

the maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration

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8
Q

what is the approx. volume of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) in ml which can be inspired?

A

3000ml

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9
Q

What is the residual volume (RV)?

A

the volume of gas in the lungs at the of of a normal expiration

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10
Q

what is the approx. value of residual volume (RV) in ml in the lungs?

A

1200ml

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11
Q

what is the Vital Capacity (VC)?

A

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

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12
Q

what is the Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

A

vital capacity + residual volume (the WHOLE volume of lungs)

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13
Q

what is the approximate value of the Vital Capacity (VC) volume in ml in the lungs?

A

4600ml

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14
Q

what is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC)?

A

tidal volume (TV) + inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

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15
Q

what is the Functional Residual Capacity? (FRC)

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

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16
Q

what is FEV1: FVC?

A

fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

17
Q

is pulmonary ventilation the same as alveolar ventilation?

A

NO

18
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

total air movement into/out of lungs (it’s relatively insignificant in functional terms)

19
Q

what is alveolar ventilation?

A

FRESH air getting into alveoli and therefore available for GAS EXCHANGE (functionally more significant)

20
Q

what units are used to measure both pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

A

L/min

21
Q

what term describes decreased alveolar ventilation occurring in the lungs (less than normal)? Who could be affected?

A

hypoventilation; e.g. an anxious/panicky/nervous patient

22
Q

what term describes increased alveolar ventilation occurring in the lungs (more than normal)? Who could be affected?

A

hyperventilation; e.g.a very relaxed person on holiday

23
Q

what is the NORMAL tidal volume? (ml)

A

500ml

24
Q

what is the NORMAL respiratory rate? (breaths/minute)

A

12-18 normal

25
Q

what is the total pulmonary ventilation (ml/min) in normal and abnormal ventilation?

A

6000

26
Q

How many ml of air to alveoli is there in normal ventilation (tidal- dead space)?

A

350ml

27
Q

what is the alveolar ventilation (ml/min) in normal ventilation?

A

4200ml/min

28
Q

why is the total pulmonary ventilation (ml/min) the same for a normal, hypoventilating and hyperventilating person? (600ml/min)

A

because to measure total pulmonary ventilation= tidal volume x respiratory rate which will bring it to 6000 in the end

eg. in a hypoventilating patient, tidal volume will be smaller yet resp. rate will be quicker (more rapid breaths to make up for less oxygen) so in the end it will produce a total pulmonary ventilation of 6000 .- the opposite for hyperventilating patient (where less breaths need to be taken as TV is so high it can last a longer time)

29
Q

what tidal volume and respiratory rate is considered to be hypoventilation?

A

350ml for TV

approx. 20 breaths/min (rapid)

30
Q

what tidal volume and respiratory rate is considered to be hyperventilation?

A

750ml for TV

approx. 8 breaths/min (slow)

31
Q

Out of normal, hypoventilating and hyperventilating patients, who will have the most air (ml) to alveoli and in the end more alveolar ventilation (ml)? list from highest to lowest

A
  1. hyperventilating patient (most ml)
  2. normal patient
  3. hypoventilating patient
32
Q

Define partial pressure

A

The pressure of gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture, multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture.

33
Q

what 2 units are used to express pressure?

A

mmHg and kPA

34
Q

what is the most important pressure rule when speaking about gas pressure?

A

All gas molecules exert the SAME pressure (so partial pressure increases with increasing conc. gas mixture)

35
Q

Under normal conditions, do resting PO2 and PCO2 remain fairly constant?

A

Yes, they do

36
Q

what varies alveolar PO2 and PCO2?

A

hyperventilation and hypoventilation

37
Q

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hyperventilation

A
  • PO2 rises to around 120mmHg

- PCO2 falls to around 20mmHg

38
Q

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hypoventilation?

A
  • PO2 falls to around 30mmHg

- PCO2 rises to around 100mmHg

39
Q

What is the “normal” ventilation in L/min?

A

4.2L/min

Systems: Resp. WK (40 decks)

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