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Systems: Resp. WK > 34. Smoking Cessation > Flashcards

34. Smoking Cessation Flashcards

1
Q

What main products are found in a cigarette? (7)

A
  1. highly engineered products
  2. tobacco (different types)
  3. filter
  4. filler
  5. additives e.g. tar
  6. paper and smoke
  7. nicotine
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2
Q

How many permitted additives are in a cigarette which are all highly toxic?

A

600

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3
Q

How many chemicals are in cigarette smoke?

A

> 4000 chemicals

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4
Q

How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke? (product of combustion are most harmful)

A

> 40 carcinogens

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5
Q

What are some chemicals found in a cigarette? (7)

A
  • nicotine
  • tar
  • carbon monoxide
  • arsenic
  • hydrogen cyanide
  • acetone
  • cadmium
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6
Q

Is smoking the largest preventable cause of premature mortality in the UK?

A

Yes ( in Scotland 13,000 die and in UK 120,000 die per year)

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7
Q

What is the average loss of life in years due to smoking?

A

7.5 years

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8
Q

What 3 diseases are directly linked to smoking?

A
  1. lung cancer (25%)
  2. COPD (20%)
  3. heart disease (20%)
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9
Q

What are top smoking related cancers? (from highest to lowest risk) (6)

A
  1. upper respiratory
  2. lung
  3. bladder
  4. pancreatic
  5. oesophagus
  6. kidney
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10
Q

What 6 systems in the body are closely associated with smoking-related disease?

A
  1. endocrine
  2. dermatological
  3. ophthalmology
  4. locomotor
  5. cardiovascular
  6. gastroenterology
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11
Q

What is the main endocrine disease associated with smoking?

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

What is the main dermatological disease associated with smoking?

A

psoriasis (flaky, crusty patches of skin)

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13
Q

What is the main ophthalmology disease associated with smoking?

A

macular degeneration (results in blurred or no vision)

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14
Q

What is the main locomotor disease associated with smoking?

A

osteoporosis

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15
Q

What is the main gastroenterology disease associated with smoking?

A
  • peptic ulceration

- Crohn’s disease (long term inflammation of the lining of the digestive system; commonly in small and large intestines)

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16
Q

Which disease can cigarettes vaguely protect from according to some forms of research? (5)

A
  • ulcerative colitis
  • carcinoma of the uterus
  • parkinsonism
  • sarcoidosis
  • hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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17
Q

Why might cigarette smoke provide some form of protection against certain diseases?

A

These diseases are T lymphocyte driven and since tobacco smokes damages t cells, it can prevent some conditions from developing

18
Q

Do more men or women currently smoke in UK?

A

Men: 25%
Women: 22%

19
Q

Do people in deprived or affluent areas have higher smoking numbers?

A

Deprived: 40%
Affluent: 20%

20
Q

Smoking cessation is decrease at what rate each year?

A

dropping by 0.7% a year

21
Q

What is found inside e-cigarettes?

A

vaporised solution of nicotine in proplylene glycol/ polyethylene glycol with added flavourings and vegetable fat

22
Q

What is the nicotine hit in an e-cigarette compared to a cigarette puff?

A

nicotine hit is 25-50% of a cigarette puff

23
Q

What do e-ciagarettes lack that normal cigarettes contain?

A

250 poisons and 69 carcinogens

24
Q

Why are e-cigarettes considered to be a safer option for smoking?

A
  • more safe since no products of combustion
25
Why can e-ciagarretes be considered risk to health?
- nicotine still highly addictive | - its long term effects still not fully known
26
Which group of women are more likely to smoke during pregnancy? (5)
- younger - single - lower educational achievement - unskilled - male partner more likely to smoke
27
What is the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal birth if mother smokers?
1/3 increased risk
28
What fraction of women who smoked before pregnancy restart again after birth?
almost 2/3
29
What percentage of women on average smoke during pregnancy?
12-20%
30
What respiratory infections are children who experience second hand smoke from parents more likely to get? (6)
- general resp. infections - bronchitis - bronchiolitis - pnuemonia - cot death - middle ear infection
31
Smoking cessation prolongs life by how many years?
7.5 years
32
What is the heart disease risk of a smoking stopper at 1 year and at 15 years?
- at 1 year; risk of MI 50% that of a smoker | - at 15 years; risk of MI= life long non-smoker
33
What is the lung disease risk of a smoking stopper at 10-15 years of stopping smoking?
at 10-15 years, risk of lung cancer only slightly greater than that of a smoker (but only if in middle-aged group)
34
What is the link between increasing tax and smoking?
By increasing tax, people more likely to smoke less
35
How much does it cost the NHS for treating smoking related diseases?
approx. £3-5 billion (total cost to society can even reach £13 billion)
36
What adds to the smoking related costs which puts NHS under pressure?
1. cancer (tumour) related problems 2. resp. diseases (e.g. COPD, emphysema, bronchitis) 3. loss of productivity/ economic output 4. absenteeism (e.g. from work) 5. fires 6. passive smoking effects
37
What are main actions taken to protect children from cigarettes? (5)
1. not selling tobacco products to anyone <18 2. smoke in private vehicle with kids in it illegal 3. proxy purchase (ID needed) 4. vending machines with tobacco products illegal 5. standardised packaging and locked away products/ not on display
38
What did EU Tobacco Products Directive Picture warning indicate about the tobacco law in May 2016? (6)
- ban on distinguishable flavours e.g. menthol - minimum pack size to 20 cigarettes - limits on tar, nicotine, and CO - terms like "mild" or "ultra-smoth" now banned - packaging change - smoking in public places (most)
39
What are exemptions to tobacco consumptions? (where can people smoke)
- hotel and guest house bedrooms - designated rooms in care homes, hospices, prisons - private homes - places not substantially enclosed - actors - specialist tobacco shops
40
What do all tobacco products sold in UK are required to have?
UK Duty Paid mark (to distinguish legitimate from smuggled products)

Systems: Resp. WK (40 decks)

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