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Systems: Resp. WK > 34. Smoking Cessation > Flashcards

34. Smoking Cessation Flashcards

1
Q

What main products are found in a cigarette? (7)

A
  1. highly engineered products
  2. tobacco (different types)
  3. filter
  4. filler
  5. additives e.g. tar
  6. paper and smoke
  7. nicotine
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2
Q

How many permitted additives are in a cigarette which are all highly toxic?

A

600

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3
Q

How many chemicals are in cigarette smoke?

A

> 4000 chemicals

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4
Q

How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke? (product of combustion are most harmful)

A

> 40 carcinogens

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5
Q

What are some chemicals found in a cigarette? (7)

A
  • nicotine
  • tar
  • carbon monoxide
  • arsenic
  • hydrogen cyanide
  • acetone
  • cadmium
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6
Q

Is smoking the largest preventable cause of premature mortality in the UK?

A

Yes ( in Scotland 13,000 die and in UK 120,000 die per year)

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7
Q

What is the average loss of life in years due to smoking?

A

7.5 years

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8
Q

What 3 diseases are directly linked to smoking?

A
  1. lung cancer (25%)
  2. COPD (20%)
  3. heart disease (20%)
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9
Q

What are top smoking related cancers? (from highest to lowest risk) (6)

A
  1. upper respiratory
  2. lung
  3. bladder
  4. pancreatic
  5. oesophagus
  6. kidney
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10
Q

What 6 systems in the body are closely associated with smoking-related disease?

A
  1. endocrine
  2. dermatological
  3. ophthalmology
  4. locomotor
  5. cardiovascular
  6. gastroenterology
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11
Q

What is the main endocrine disease associated with smoking?

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

What is the main dermatological disease associated with smoking?

A

psoriasis (flaky, crusty patches of skin)

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13
Q

What is the main ophthalmology disease associated with smoking?

A

macular degeneration (results in blurred or no vision)

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14
Q

What is the main locomotor disease associated with smoking?

A

osteoporosis

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15
Q

What is the main gastroenterology disease associated with smoking?

A
  • peptic ulceration

- Crohn’s disease (long term inflammation of the lining of the digestive system; commonly in small and large intestines)

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16
Q

Which disease can cigarettes vaguely protect from according to some forms of research? (5)

A
  • ulcerative colitis
  • carcinoma of the uterus
  • parkinsonism
  • sarcoidosis
  • hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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17
Q

Why might cigarette smoke provide some form of protection against certain diseases?

A

These diseases are T lymphocyte driven and since tobacco smokes damages t cells, it can prevent some conditions from developing

18
Q

Do more men or women currently smoke in UK?

A

Men: 25%
Women: 22%

19
Q

Do people in deprived or affluent areas have higher smoking numbers?

A

Deprived: 40%
Affluent: 20%

20
Q

Smoking cessation is decrease at what rate each year?

A

dropping by 0.7% a year

21
Q

What is found inside e-cigarettes?

A

vaporised solution of nicotine in proplylene glycol/ polyethylene glycol with added flavourings and vegetable fat

22
Q

What is the nicotine hit in an e-cigarette compared to a cigarette puff?

A

nicotine hit is 25-50% of a cigarette puff

23
Q

What do e-ciagarettes lack that normal cigarettes contain?

A

250 poisons and 69 carcinogens

24
Q

Why are e-cigarettes considered to be a safer option for smoking?

A
  • more safe since no products of combustion
25
Q

Why can e-ciagarretes be considered risk to health?

A
  • nicotine still highly addictive

- its long term effects still not fully known

26
Q

Which group of women are more likely to smoke during pregnancy? (5)

A
  • younger
  • single
  • lower educational achievement
  • unskilled
  • male partner more likely to smoke
27
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal birth if mother smokers?

A

1/3 increased risk

28
Q

What fraction of women who smoked before pregnancy restart again after birth?

A

almost 2/3

29
Q

What percentage of women on average smoke during pregnancy?

A

12-20%

30
Q

What respiratory infections are children who experience second hand smoke from parents more likely to get? (6)

A
  • general resp. infections
  • bronchitis
  • bronchiolitis
  • pnuemonia
  • cot death
  • middle ear infection
31
Q

Smoking cessation prolongs life by how many years?

A

7.5 years

32
Q

What is the heart disease risk of a smoking stopper at 1 year and at 15 years?

A
  • at 1 year; risk of MI 50% that of a smoker

- at 15 years; risk of MI= life long non-smoker

33
Q

What is the lung disease risk of a smoking stopper at 10-15 years of stopping smoking?

A

at 10-15 years, risk of lung cancer only slightly greater than that of a smoker (but only if in middle-aged group)

34
Q

What is the link between increasing tax and smoking?

A

By increasing tax, people more likely to smoke less

35
Q

How much does it cost the NHS for treating smoking related diseases?

A

approx. £3-5 billion (total cost to society can even reach £13 billion)

36
Q

What adds to the smoking related costs which puts NHS under pressure?

A
  1. cancer (tumour) related problems
  2. resp. diseases (e.g. COPD, emphysema, bronchitis)
  3. loss of productivity/ economic output
  4. absenteeism (e.g. from work)
  5. fires
  6. passive smoking effects
37
Q

What are main actions taken to protect children from cigarettes? (5)

A
  1. not selling tobacco products to anyone <18
  2. smoke in private vehicle with kids in it illegal
  3. proxy purchase (ID needed)
  4. vending machines with tobacco products illegal
  5. standardised packaging and locked away products/ not on display
38
Q

What did EU Tobacco Products Directive Picture warning indicate about the tobacco law in May 2016? (6)

A
  • ban on distinguishable flavours e.g. menthol
  • minimum pack size to 20 cigarettes
  • limits on tar, nicotine, and CO
  • terms like “mild” or “ultra-smoth” now banned
  • packaging change
  • smoking in public places (most)
39
Q

What are exemptions to tobacco consumptions? (where can people smoke)

A
  • hotel and guest house bedrooms
  • designated rooms in care homes, hospices, prisons
  • private homes
  • places not substantially enclosed
  • actors
  • specialist tobacco shops
40
Q

What do all tobacco products sold in UK are required to have?

A

UK Duty Paid mark (to distinguish legitimate from smuggled products)

Systems: Resp. WK (40 decks)

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