3rd 10

Question 1

Utterances that are documented and do not change
e.g. National anthems, ordinances, proverbs

Answer 1

Frozen/Static

Question 2

Texts or utterances that follow similar rules about their form

Usually informative, like the frozen register
One person/body is the source of information.
e.g. warning signs, sermons, manuals

Answer 2

Formal/regulated

Question 3

Usually formal but are used for acts that seek or give help
Bi-directional (back and forth)
e.g. patient-doctor, parent-teacher, couselor-student

Answer 3

Consultative/Professional

Question 4

Register used in writing and talking with people within the same
group or team
No strict rules, but need to follow the rules set by the
participants
The rules are very subjective and differ from one group to the
other

Answer 4

Casual/group

Question 5

private ”register, used with a friend or family member or

romantic partner
Language can be casual, but there may be codes to show
exclusivity (e.g. nicknames, terms of endearment)

Answer 5

Intimate/Personal

Question 6

purists, strict with the rules want grammar to always follow
the rules

correct English follows “educated usage”

if not, it is “non-standard” or “ungrammatical”

Answer 6

Prescriptivist

Question 7

language rules are determined by the speaker of that language they don’t teach the rules

they simply describe the way it is used in the real world

Answer 7

Descriptivist

Question 8

English is a primary foreign language

Answer 8

The Expanding Circle

Question 9

countries where English has
been institutionalized as a
language with an important
function, Developed own rules.

Answer 9

The outer circle

Question 10

Countries with historical
English roots, the “native” English speakers

Answer 10

The inner circle