3b. Genome structure content variation

Question 1

Parasentric inversion

Answer 1

occurs when a portion of one chromosome, or a packet of genetic information, is flipped in the same arm

Question 2

Pericentrinc inversion

Answer 2

occurs when a portion of one chromosome, or a packet of genetic information, is flipped in the centromere (different arms)

Question 3

Robertsonian translocation (ROB)

Answer 3

is a chromosomal abnormality wherein a certain type of a chromosome becomes attached to another.

Question 4

Reciprocal

Answer 4

no genes lost

Question 5

LINE

Answer 5

latter include long interspersed nuclear elements

Question 6

SINE

Answer 6

short interspersed nuclear elements

Question 7

alternative splicing

Answer 7

multiple proteins from one gene

Question 8

exon shuffling

Answer 8

new genes by combining parts of existing genes

Question 9

Alternative splicing can be

Answer 9

unregulated:
o multiple splice sites used
o mix of distinct mRNAs produced
o mix of distinct proteins
regulated
o distinct mRNAs formed in distinct cells
o involves splicing enhancers en splicing suppressors

Question 10

Pseudogenes (unprocessed)

Answer 10

Duplicated genes that have accumulated too many deleterious mutations to function

Question 11

Pseudogenes (processed)

Answer 11

no introns