3.a hazards generated by earthquakes

Question 1

State the 5 hazards

Answer 1

• ground shaking
• liqueaction
• landslides and avalaches
• tsunamis
• flooding

Question 2

ground shaking

what factors does the shaking depend on?

Answer 2

• Earthquake magnitude
• Distance from the epicenter
• Local geology

Question 3

can buildings withstand horizontal or vertical shaking more?

Answer 3

vertical more than horizontal swaying of buildings.

Question 4

groundshaking

what are most deaths from the ground shaking caused by?

Answer 4

Building types
Broken gas pipes start fires
Fallen power lines
Broken water pipes causes local flooding

Question 5

what is liquefaction?

Answer 5

The strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking

Question 6

outline factors of liquefaction?

Answer 6

• Loosely packed,water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking
• Unconsolidated material
• Water must be present
• Solids act as a liquid during shaking and anything on the surface will start to sink
• Land becomes solid again after shaking

Question 7

landslides and avalanches

Answer 7

• Slope failure can occur even on shallow slopes.
• Roads become blocked which hampers rescue.
• Mountainous regions are a greater hazard.
• Landslides can block rivers causing further issues from flooding
  Nepal: Many deaths due to landslides

Question 8

tsunamis def

Answer 8

Underwater earthquakes can cause the sea bed to rise vertically - displace the water above producing powerful waves at the surface that spread out at a high velocity from the epi center.

Question 9

tsunamis extra facts

Answer 9

Oceanic crust dragged underneath continental slips up displacing ocean water
* Move at high velocity out from epicenter
* Wave height increases as closer to shore
* Water in front pulled back out to sea - drawdown

Question 10

flooding

Answer 10

Tsunamis
Broken water pipes
Diverted streams/rivers