3A/B Psych Social-> Group behaviour Flashcards
Main syllabus points:
- Behaviour within groups
- Co-operation
- Deindividualisation
- Social loafing
- Brainstorming
- effect of group size on behaviour
Group definition/ What is a group?
A group is any collection of two or more people whom interact and influence one another and share a common purpose.
Behavour in groups pts:
- Can differ behavior from being alone
- Presence of others; heighten arousal, diminsih responsibility
Deindividualisation
Abandoning usual restraints to join in group behaviour. Due to anonoymity and a shift in attention
Zimbardo and collegues( Deindividualisation, electric shock)
Impact of deindividualisation on students willingness to deliver electric shocks to another student
- Identity concealed with a hoodie, overalls
- Identty not concealed, plains clothes
- Findings: Anonomoyous students give larger
Reicher (Dein) social norms
Dein. increased social norms
++ social norms and ++ group behaviour
Johnson and Downing elettic shock
Normative tendencies ( copy/behave like group)
- half faces visible(G2), half hidden(G1).
- Shock via people dressed in KKK outfits G1, nurses G2
- Nurses: caring norms of that group( indiidual)
- KKK: copied others in groups(Deindividualised
Co-op in groups
- Problems arise when groups not co-oprating/ group conflict together.
- groups must work together to achieve the desired outcome sucessfully
Competition in groups
—- group cohesion,reduces ability of group to complete goal
+++ group solidarity (Unity of action, feeling in a group with common interests)
Inter-group hostility; IN/OUT group
Brainstorming
-To generate ideas in a group setting
-More hands means light work; achieve tasks quicker than single ppl.
-Members can bring varied skills and support each other
Main factors that affect this:
Size; + or -, depends on size
Communication
Social loafing
Group cohesiveness
Closeness
competion/co-operaton influcne
Affect on completing a task; brainstorming SIZE
+ or -, depends on size
Communication
++ make ideas, create things faster
- -People get distracted
- -One person tends to lead the group
- -One person speaking at a timel time restraints, wasteage
Closeness
How much a person feels part of the group
Part of group; ore likely to go with group behaviour
Not part; may resist group behaviour, not join in
Social loafing
Putting less effort in, when in a group setting
- Less accountable in a group
- May feel that efforts aren’t as important
Ingham(blind fold, social loafing)
Practice of putting less effort in when in a group
-tricked ppl into pulling rope, tricked that 3 others were helping, only put in 82% effort compared to when done themselves, when they belived it was just themselves pulling.
Continuity of relationships
“State of stability, absence of disruption within a relationship over time”
- Stable = cohesive group behav.
- Friction = divisive grouo behav, — effects
Reduce social loafing by
- if task interesting
- Team members very motivated
- Individual performance monitored
- Individual contribution needed
- If Individual identities strongly with the group
Group cohesiveness
Groups should be organised, tasks ad roles assigned
- ++ and — known
- Encourage co-op, not competition
- High cohesive = high productivity
Influence of co-op, competion on group behavior
+++ feelings, helps ppl work together
Boost productivty
Co-op enhanced through rewards and bonuses
-Comp b/w groups ++ group solidarity
-Comp within groups = bad. redcues cohesion
2 theories related to group behavior
- Realistic conflict theory: Inter-group hostility arises b/w groups for scarce, valuable resources (oil, gold, land, jobs)
- Theory of relative deprivation: Discountented feelings created on the belief that otehers are better off; can influnce behavior of groups when they Identify as worse or better off
