3a+b- Distribution+change Wealth

Question 1

Social inequality

Answer 1

Unequal distribution of factors such as income,education or health services

Question 2

Standard of living

Answer 2

Ability to access services and goods

Question 3

Quality of life

Answer 3

Extent to which a persons needs or desires are met

Question 4

Deprivation

Answer 4

General lack of resources + opportunities leading a poor quality of life + low standard of living

Question 5

Absolute poverty vs relative poverty

Answer 5

Absolute = when a person is below the world poverty line + cannot afford basic essentials of food, shelter or clothing

Relative = depends on the area = in UK to be in relative poverty you must be earn below 60% of median income

Question 6

Cycle of poverty

Answer 6

Poor income = poor housing = poor health = poor education = lack of skills = poor paying job

Cycle can continue through generations
Shows how income can influence standard of living and quality of life

Question 7

Globalisation

Answer 7

Increasing interconnectedness of work economically,politically and socially

Question 8

Global shift

Answer 8

Relocation of manufacturing from Acs to EDCs + LIDCs in 1980s

Question 9

Transnational cooperations

Answer 9

TNCs
Company’s with branches in more than one country = key drivers in globalisation

Question 10

Containerisation

Answer 10

System of freight transport using containers
Can be stacked and loaded efficiently over long distances = reduced shipping costs + can travel further

Question 11

What is structural change/economic restructuring

Answer 11

ACs experienced loss of employment In primary + secondary sectors (deindustrialisation) = became post industrial economies (tertiary + quaternary sectors)

Question 12

Positive + negative impacts of structural change on ACs

Answer 12

Loss of jobs
Poverty + deprivation especially in inner cities

Cheaper imports = cheaper goods for consumers

Question 13

Positive + Negative social impacts of structural change on EDCs + LIDCs

Answer 13

TNCs exploit worker for cheap wages + long working hours in poor working condition

Provides employment

Question 14

Negative economic impacts of structural change on ACs

Answer 14

Mine + factory closures leads to derelict + deindustrialised areas that are expensive to regenerate = creates North south divide

Question 15

Negative + positive economic impacts of structural change on EDCs + LIDCs

Answer 15

Can lead to over dependance on a narrow economic base / TNC
Disrupts agriculture as ppl move to urban areas to work

Increases GDP improves infrastructure to attract foreign investment
Helps country to develop and the lack of industry in ACs leads to demand for imports from LIDCs

Question 16

Name 3 ways governments can reduce patterns of social inequality

Answer 16

Taxation = proportion of income tax used to provide benefits for lower income families

Law = minimum wage protects poorest of workers -

Subsidies = money paid to poorer families to reduce costs = eg: free school meals

Question 17

how many UK citizens live in relative poverty

Answer 17

12 million