3a Flashcards
Define social inequality
unequal distribution of factors such as education or health across a population
What is the difference between quality of life and standard of living
Quality of life
the extent to which people’s needs and
desires (social, psychological or physical) are met. This can be seen in areas such as the treatment of people.
Are all people treated with equal dignity and do they have equal rights? Does everyone have reasonable access to services such as health care, education and leisure?
Standard of living – the ability to access services and goods. This includes basics such as food and water, clothes, housing and personal mobility.
What is deprivation
When quality of life and standard of living is low and a general lack of resources and opportunities
What is the poverty cycle
Quality of life in economic, physical, social and political terms
What are the ways of measuring social inequality
- Income
- Housing
- Education
- Healthcare
- Employment
How does income measure social ineqality
A measure of income inequality within a population, ranging from zero for complete equality, to one if one person has all the income.
A higher gini index means greater ineqality, with high-income individuals recieving much larger percenetages of the total income of the population
What is the index of multiple deprevation?
7 domains of deprivation - Income, Employment, Education, Health, Crime, Barriers to housing and services, Living environment.
Relative deprivation as compares each neighbourhood to others in the country. Neighbourhoods ranked against one another.
Uses:
* Compares small areas across England
* Identifies the most deprived small areas
* Explores different types of deprivation
* Compares larger areas
Cannot be used to:
* Quantify how deprived a small area is Identify deprived people Say how affluent a place is
* Compare small areas in other UK countries (eg. Wales)
* Measure real change in deprivation over time.
What is the human development index?
It is based on economic and social indicators:
* Income adjusted to take account of purchasing power in the country
* Life expectancy at birth
* Education using the adult literacy rate and the average number of years spent in school
ranges from 1 (most developed) to 0 (least developed). A high index equates to 0.8 and above; medium index from 0.5 to 0.79; and a low index is less than 0.5.
The HDI highlights the great inequalities that exist between countries in both economic and social terms.
What is GDP
Total value of goods and services produced in an country in a year
What is GNP
total economic output of a country, including earnings from foreign investments
What is GNP per capita
divides the GNP by the population of the country
What is relative poverty
When households recieve half of average household incomes.
They still have some money but not emough the afford more than the basics
State the factors which influence the relative level of social inequality between places
income
housing
healthcare
education
access to services
How does income influence the relative level of social inequality between places