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A Level Chemistry > 3.9 Carboxylic acids > Flashcards

3.9 Carboxylic acids Flashcards

1
Q

define term hydrolysis

A

breaking a bond of water

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2
Q

Name CH3CH2OOCCH2CH2CH3

A

ethylbutanoate

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3
Q

construct equation when Methanoic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide react together

A

HCOOH + NaOH -> HCOONa + H2O

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4
Q

construct equation when Propanoic Acid and Ammonia react together

A

CH3CH2COOH + NH3 -> CH3CH2COO^- + NH4^+

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5
Q

products formed when pentyl propanoate reacts with water

A

Propanoate + pentan-1-ol

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6
Q

Suggest why propane-1,2,3-triol is soluble in water.

A

H2O can form hydrogen bonds to the delta negative oxygen in the OH bond in propane-1,2,3-triol

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7
Q

Triglycerides are esters made when fatty acids react with an alcohol.
What is the name of this alcohol?

A

Glycerol / propane-1,2,3-triol

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8
Q

Biodiesel contains methyl esters of fatty acids. Explain why there is an increased use of biodiesel.

A

to conserve crude oil supplies
to reduce amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere

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9
Q

Outline the mechanism for the reaction between Propanol and Pentanoyl chloride. Name the product.

A

(same mechanism can also be done if acyl chloride reacts ammonia)

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10
Q

Name compound CH3CH2CONH2

A

Propanamide
- the CONH2 is the amide bond

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11
Q

Describe briefly how you could measure the melting point of aspirin.

A
  • Input sample into a capillary / melting tube
  • heat gently / slowly near melting point
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12
Q

Give two industrial advantages of using ethanoic anhydride rather than ethanoyl chloride in the manufacture of aspirin.

A
  • safer
  • less corrosive
  • less vulnerable to hydrolysis
  • less vigorous
  • doesn’t produce HCL
  • Less volatile
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13
Q

Also name the product formed

A

CH3CO^+ = intermediate
Phenylethanoate

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14
Q

what is the main product formed when ethanoic anhydride reacts with propan-1-ol

A

propylethanoate
- anhydride + alcohol = ester

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15
Q

main product formed when butanoicpropanoic anhydride react with water

A

butanoic acid and propanoic acid

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16
Q

main product formed when butanoic anhydride reacts with ammonia

A

butanamide (amide bond has final carbon on chain, double bond to an oxygen and a single bond to NH2)

17
Q

formula for ethylamine

18
Q

main products formed when Propanoicethanoic Anhydride and Ethylamine react

A

N-ethylpropanamide
N-ethylethanamide

19
Q

Butenedioic acid, HOOCCH=CHCOOH, occurs as two stereoisomers. One of the isomers readily forms the acid anhydride C4H2O3 when warmed.
Draw the structures of the two isomers of butenedioic acid and name the type of isomerism shown. Use the structures of the two isomeric acids to suggest why only one of them readily forms an acid anhydride when warmed. Draw the structure of the acid anhydride formed.

A

(Skip drawing the isomers)
Isomerism is : E-Z isomerism
No rotation about C=C axis
Both COOH groups must be on the same side

20
Q

Identify one electrophile which will react with butenedioic acid and outline a mechanism for this reaction.

21
Q

Write an equation for a reaction which occurs when butenedioic acid is treated with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide.

A

2NaOH + HO2CCHCHCO2H → NaO2CCHCHCO2Na + 2H2O

22
Q

What is formed when you oxidise an aldehyde and state reagent needed

A

carboxylic acid formed
- reagent : acidified potassium dichromate

23
Q

What is formed when you reduce a ketone
- state reagent
- name of mechanism
- conditions

A

secondary alcohol formed
nucleophilic addition
NaBH4
Acidic solvent

24
Q

What two compounds do you need to form an ester
- name mechanism to form an ester
- state reagents
- state conditions

A

alcohol and carboxylic acid
nucleophilic addition-elimination
Conc H2SO4 or HCl
warm or reflux or heat

25
Q

Compound A, HCOOCH2CH2CH3, is an ester. Name this ester and write an equation for its reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

26
Q

a) State purpose of sodium carbonate in step 1

A

a) to remove excess acid

27
Q

Suggest a precaution for when a mixture is. shaken in a separating funnel and give a reason

A

Add stopper to prevent spillage

28
Q

Give a use of Anhydrous magnesium sulfate

A

Drying agent / to remove water

29
Q

Suggest how purity of an ester can be confirmed

A

Compare boiling point to a data book / known value

30
Q
A

1.2 ethanoic anhydride is less corrosive / less vulnerable to hydrolysis

31
Q

1.1) suggest identity of two impurities present in the filtered solid aspirin before it is washed is step 6 of the method
1.2 ) describe recrystallization method to purify the aspirin. Influde methodand apparatus used

A Level Chemistry (21 decks)

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