3.8.4.2- Differences in DNA, exploited for identification & diagnosis

Question 1

what is genetic counselling?

Answer 1

type of social work giving people advice & info following screening of disease-causing alleles

Question 2

Advantage of personalised medicine

Answer 2

Enables more effective & cost-effective treatment

Question 3

how is medicine personalised?

Answer 3

screening for particular allele allows doctors to select medicines & give health advice based on genotype

Question 4

DNA hybridisation- process (3)

Answer 4

1) DNA heated to separate double helix> single strands
2) single strands mixed with complementary cDNA
3) once cooled, complementary strands will ANNEAL

Question 5

DNA probes process= (4)

Answer 5

1) sample of patients DNA removed & HEATED to make it single-stranded
2) mixed with DNA probes (created to be C to specific allele)
3) If patient has allele, their DNA will bind to the probe
4) This can be identified using x-rays (for r) or UV light (for f)

Question 6

Uses of DNA probes (4)

Answer 6

1. locate specific alleles of a gene
2. screen patients for heritable conditions
3. screen patients for drug response
4. screen patients for health risks

information from all used in genetic counselling & personalised medicine

Question 7

What are DNA probes?

Answer 7

short, single-stranded pieces of DNA labelled (r/f) so they can be identified

Question 8

2 methods to locate specific alleles of a gene=

Answer 8

1) Labelled DNA probes

2) DNA hybridisation