370 Flashcards

1
Q

inherience

A

父子关系
extend
可以表达在use case或class diagram里
用三角形空心箭头,箭头放在大头处

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2
Q

generalization

A

A is type of B 空心三角箭头指向B
比如:the bank customer is type of card holder

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3
Q

A is type of B

A

generalization

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4
Q

«extends»

A

(use case)add more details in general use case

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5
Q

«uses/include»

A

one is a prerequisite of another

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6
Q

“against”

A

表示“对比”或“与……比较”

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7
Q

stakeholder

A

在软件设计中,stakeholder(利益相关者)指的是对软件项目有兴趣或受其影响的个人或群体。这些人可能会直接或间接参与项目的设计、开发、测试和使用。具体包括:

客户/用户:直接使用软件的最终用户。
开发团队:负责设计、编码和测试的软件工程师和设计师。
产品经理/项目经理:负责定义项目需求并确保项目按计划进行的人员。
业务方:可能会受到软件成果影响的业务部门或企业所有者。
维护人员:负责系统部署和长期支持的技术人员。

法律和合规团队:确保软件符合所有法律、法规及隐私要求的人员。
利益相关者在项目需求和设计中扮演着重要角色,他们的需求和反馈会影响软件的最终特性和功能。

是的,广义上来说,“stakeholder” 指的是对项目有影响力或利益相关的人,不一定要直接接触产品。即使没实际接触过产品,只要他们的需求、期望或决策对项目有影响,他们也可以算是stakeholder。例如,投资者、高层管理、监管机构等,虽然不直接使用产品,但他们的意见和期望对产品的最终结果很重要,所以他们也是stakeholder。

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8
Q

public
protected
private
package(default)
derived

A

+
#
-
~
/
在UML(统一建模语言)中,derived(派生)属性是一个从其他属性计算或推导得出的属性。它通常使用一个斜杠(/)来表示。例如,一个类的属性标记为/age,意味着这个age属性是基于其他数据(如出生日期)计算得到的,而不是直接存储的。

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9
Q

假设car class里有Customer属性,但customer没有car的属性

A

unidirectional

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10
Q

unidirectional

A

one object is related to another object
一根线+单向箭头,箭头放在大头那边,比如car class有个owner customer,则箭头指向customer

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11
Q

bidirectional

A

both know their relationship
双向实现箭头,都有彼此的属性

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12
Q

composition(association)

A

is entirely made of完全依赖和组成,比如书完全是由page组成,没有page书完全消失
实心方块+实线,方块在大头那边

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13
Q

aggregation(association)

A

is part of部分组成,比如引擎和车
空心方块和实线,方块在大头那边

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14
Q

0到更多
0或1
only one
1到更多
只有3个
0或5
5到15

A

0到更多:0..或者
0或1:0..1
only one:1
1到更多:1..*
只有3个:3
0或5:0..5
5到15:5..15

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15
Q

constraint in class diagram

A

可以在线旁边写,格式:{限制条件}

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16
Q

component

A

用«component»在方框里标明,右上角画个档案符号(一个方块两个长方块)

17
Q

required interface标记

A

半圆的,像受体一样

18
Q

provided interface

A

圆形实心不实心都可以

19
Q

被连接至

A

be wired to

20
Q

port(component)

A

A组件没有直接提供/需求所需的接口,用方块表示

21
Q

class diagram步骤

A
  1. 识别classes,找名词
  2. 发现名词之间的relationship,基本上识别包含关系的动词,实在识别不了画一条连线,上面写明动词
  3. 识别multiplicity
  4. add attributes and methods,识别非包含关系的动词,注意动词发起方