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1101\ > 3.7 Printers > Flashcards

3.7 Printers Flashcards

1
Q
  • Combine a laser, high voltage, charged ions,
    powdered ink, heat, and paper
  • Very high quality
  • Fast printing speeds
  • Very complex, many moving parts, requires on-printer memory and messy on the inside
A

Laser Printer

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2
Q

In Laser Printer,
* Image is drawn onto a photosensitive drum
– “Painted” with a laser
* Picks up toner - Transfers toner to the paper
* Can be separate from the toner cartridge or combined

A

Imaging drum

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3
Q

In Laser Printer,

  • Heat and pressure - Melt plastic toner powder
    – Permanently bond toner to paper
A

Fuser assembly

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4
Q

In Laser Printer,

Color laser printers
– Cyan, yellow, magenta, black
* Four separate toner cartridges
* Image is transferred from all cartridges to the single belt
– And then to a single transfer roller

A

Transfer belt and roller

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5
Q

In Laser Printer,

  • Pickup paper - Should be a single page at a time
    – Problems if no paper is picked up
    or multiple sheets are picked
  • Should be periodically cleaned or replaced
A

Pickup rollers

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6
Q

In Laser Printer,

  • Pull just the top sheet from the paper tray
    – Not multiple sheets
  • Small and inexpensive - Easy to clean or replace
A

Separation pad

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7
Q

In Laser Printer,

  • Printers usually print on a single side
    – Not both sides simultaneously
  • Printing on both sides is a two step process
    – Print side one, print side two
  • You need mechanisms to “flip” the page
    – Automatically
  • Can be built-in to the printer
  • Or available as an add-on
A

Duplexing assembly

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8
Q

Image is drawn onto a photosensitive drum
– “Painted” with a laser
Picks up toner - Transfers toner to the paper
Can be separate from the toner cartridge or combined

A

Imaging drum

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9
Q

Main Component that creates the image to be applied to the paper.

A

Imaging drum

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10
Q

How laser printers work ?
1) Toner is placed on electrically charged rotating drum called the___
2) Toner is transferred onto paper as it moves through the system

Main Component that creates the image to be applied to the paper

A

Imaging drum

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11
Q

Bitmap of the final page is stored in memory.

Build the entire page in memory

A

Step 1. Processing the image:

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12
Q

Drum surface is charged to -600 V.
Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge

A

Step 2. Charging or conditioning:

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13
Q

Laser beam writes -100 V image to drum surface.

Write the image with the laser

A

Step 3. Exposing or writing:

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14
Q

Toner is applied to the surface of the drum.

Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum

A

Step 4. Developing:

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15
Q

The transfer roller puts a positive charge on the paper to pull the toner from the drum and onto the paper.

Move the toner from the drum to the paper

A

Step 5 . Transferring:

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16
Q

Fuser assembly uses heat and pressure to fuse toner to paper.
Heat and pressure

A

Step 6. Fusing:

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17
Q

Drum is cleaned of residual toner and charge.

Remove excess toner

A

Step 7. Cleaning:

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18
Q

During Laser Printer Maintenance,

  • Look for the messages
    – Low doesn’t mean empty
  • The toner can also contain the OPC drum
    – Organic Photoconductor drum
    – Sensitive to light; keep it in the bag
  • Power down the printer
    – Safety first
  • Remove packing strips from the new drum
    – Replace it with the old
A

Replacing the toner cartridge

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19
Q

During Laser Printer Maintenance,
* Laser printers wear out
– All those moving parts
– Heat and pressure
* Standard maintenance kits
– Replacement feed rollers, new fuser unit, etc.
* When to perform maintenance?
– Check the printer’s page counter
* Power down and replace the components
– Fuser units are HOT
* Reset the page counter when you’re done!

A

Laser printer maintenance kit

20
Q

During Laser Printer Maintenance,

  • Look for the messages
    – Low doesn’t mean empty
  • The toner can also contain the OPC drum
    – Organic Photoconductor drum
    – Sensitive to light; keep it in the bag
  • Power down the printer - Safety first
  • Remove packing strips from the new drum
    – Replace it with the old
A

Replacing the toner cartridge

21
Q

During Laser Printer Maintenance,

  • Laser printers are dirty - All that toner and paper dust
  • Check the manufacturer’s recommendations
    – Water, isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
    – Don’t use harsh chemicals!
  • Outside - Damp cloth
  • Inside - Wipe dust away
    – Don’t use a normal vacuum cleaner or compressed air
    – Wash off skin with cold water
    – Clean rollers with IPA
A

Laser printer cleaning

22
Q

During Laser Printer Maintenance,

  • Different toner cartridges print with different densities
    – Some dark, some light
  • Laser printer calibration can adjust the density
    – Makes it looks perfect
  • Can be automated or a manual process
    – Every printer is different
    – Check the printer manual
A

Laser printer calibration

23
Q
  • Relatively inexpensive technology
  • Quiet
  • High-resolution
  • Expensive ink
    – Proprietary
  • Eventually fades
  • Clogs easily
A

Inkjet (ink-dispersion) printer

24
Q

In Inkjet Printer,

  • Place drops of ink onto a page
    – Pulled from a set of cartridges
  • CMYK - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (black)
A

Ink cartridge

25
Q

In Inkjet Printer,

  • Some consumer printers integrate the print head
    into the ink cartridge
    – Change the cartridge, get a new print head
  • Others separate the ink cartridge from the print head
A

Print head

26
Q

In Inkjet Printer,

  • Pick up and feed paper through the printer
    – Must be clean and not worn
  • Duplexing
    – Print on both sides of the paper
    – Included with some printers
A

Feed rollers

27
Q

In Inkjet Printer,

  • Ink cartridges are moved over the paper
    – Carriage may include its own print head
  • Belt moves the carriage back and forth
    – Another moving part
A

Carriage and belt

28
Q

In Inkjet Printer,

  • Align nozzles to the paper
    – Lines should be crisp
    – Colors should align
  • Printer includes a calibration option
    – May need to make minor adjustments
A

Inkjet printer calibration

29
Q

During Inkjet Printer Maintenance,

  • Small droplets of ink - And small holes in a print head
  • Clogged heads is a big issue
    – Many printers automatically clean every day
    – Output has streaks or sections of missing color
  • Cleaning process can be started manually
    – Only takes a few minutes
  • Some print heads/cartridges can be removed
    – Manually cleaning may help
A

Cleaning print heads

30
Q

During Inkjet Printer Maintenance,

  • Usually separate colors
    – Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (CMYK)
    – Some cartridges will combine these
  • Takes seconds to replace
    – Takes a few minutes to calibrate and
    prepare the cartridge
  • Recycle the empty cartridge - All plastic
A

Replacing inkjet cartridges

31
Q

During Inkjet Printer Maintenance,

  • Align nozzles to the paper
    – Lines should be crisp
    – Colors should not overlap
  • Printer includes a calibration option
    – May need to make minor adjustments
A

Inkjet printer calibration

32
Q

During Inkjet Printer Maintenance,

  • Lots of turns and twists
    – A jam is inevitable
  • Remove tray paper
    – Any loose paper
  • Remove paper from the path
    – Firm pressure, don’t rip
  • Check for any scraps of paper
  • Remove all loose paper
A

Clearing jams

33
Q
  • White paper
    – Turns black when heated
    – No ink!
  • VERY quiet
    – Almost silent
  • Paper is sensitive to light and heat
    – And clear tape
A

Thermal printer

34
Q

In Thermal printer .

  • Full-length heating element
    – No moving print head
A

Heating element

35
Q

In Thermal printer ,

  • Pull paper through the printer
    – Relatively small paper path
A

Feed assembly

36
Q

In Thermal printer ,

  • Paper covered with a chemical
    – Changes color when heated
  • Cash registers, credit card terminals
    – And quiet areas
  • Looks like normal paper
    – Feels a bit different
A

Thermal paper

37
Q
  • Print head with a small matrix of pins
    – Presses against a ribbon to make a mark on paper
  • Good for carbon/multiple copies
  • Low cost per page
  • NOISY
  • Poor graphics
  • Relatively niche use cases
A

Dot-matrix (impact) printers

38
Q

In Dot-matrix (impact) printers,

  • Fabric
    – One long ribbon - Never ending circle
  • Easy to replace - Once single unit
  • Proprietary size - Specific to printer model
A

Printer ribbon

39
Q

In Dot-matrix (impact) printers,

  • Paper pulled through with holes on the side of the paper
    – Instead of using friction
  • Continuous paper feed
    – Perforations between pages
  • Holes have to line up perfectly
    – Tractor paper can be perforated to remove holes
A

Tractor feed

40
Q

In Dot-matrix (impact) printers,

  • Moves back and forth
    – Pins hit ribbon and paper
  • One matrix - Must move across the page to print
A

Dot-matrix printer head

41
Q
  • “Print” in three dimensions
    – Create a 3D item based on an electronic model
  • Additive manufacturing
    – Build in layers to create the object
    – No machining process required
  • Rapid prototyping
    – Design and create relatively quickly and inexpensively
  • Deploy designs anywhere in the world
    – Or into space
A

3D printers

42
Q

In 3D printers,

  • Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
    – Melt filament to print 3D objects
    – This is probably the printing type you’ve seen
  • Print a layer, move up,print another layer
    – Watch the printer create the object
  • Good all-around printer
    – Larger print bed than resin printers
    – Easy to manage filament
    – Minimum of mess
    – Fewer disposal issues
A

Filament printing

43
Q

In 3D printers,

  • Stereolithography (SLA) 3D Printing
    – Smooth and finely detailed 3D prints
  • Resin is hardened using a light source
    – Ultraviolet light or a laser
    – Layers are added to the bottom
    – Entire print hangs from the build platform
  • Resin must be handled properly
    – Wear protective gear
    – Take unused resin to your local hazardous materials disposal
A

Resin printing

44
Q
  • A flat adhesive surface
    – The foundation of a 3D print
    – Everything builds on that first layer
  • Needs to be level and clean
    – Prints “stick” to the bed
  • Filament printing
    – The print bed is the printing surface
    – Many different print bed options
  • Resin printing
    – The “bed” is the location where the resin is hardened by the UV light
A

The print bed

45
Q

During Impact Printer Maintenance.

  • Takes a lot of abuse - Directly hits the ribbon and paper
  • Gets hot - Watch your fingers
    – Another modular part - Look for a release lever or bar
  • Replace with the ribbon for the best effect
    – The output should look perfect
A

Print head replacement

45
Q

During Impact Printer Maintenance.

  • Single ribbon
    – Self-contained - One long circle
  • Replace when ink becomes too light
    – Ink is eventually consumed
  • Designed to be modular - Replace in less than a minute
A

Printer ribbon replacement

46
Q

During Impact Printer Maintenance.

  • Not as easy as a laser printer
    – Paper must feed perfectly into holes
    – Tractor feed
  • Forms must be positioned correctly
    – Text needs to fit a predefined space
  • Paper must feed without constraint
  • Make sure nothing is in the way
A

Replacing paper

1101\ (9 decks)

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