3.1 Cables Flashcards
- Balanced pair operation
– Two wires with equal and opposite signals
– Transmit+, Transmit- / Receive+, Receive- - The twist is the secret!
– Keeps a single wire constantly moving
away from the interference
– The opposite signals are compared on the other end - Pairs in the same cable have different twist rates
Twisted pair copper cabling
The jacket that is around an ethernet cable is commonly made of
PVC / polyvinyl chloride.
used in television/digital cable
– And high-speed Internet over cable
RG-6
RG-6 is a
Coaxial cable
– No additional shielding
– The most common twisted pair cabling
Most likely use at home
- UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
– Additional shielding protects against interference
– Shield each pair and/or the overall cable
– Requires the cable to be grounded
- STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
– U =
If you look at the outside of an ethernet cable, you’ll see some writing that describes what type of cable is on the inside
Unshielded
If you look at the outside of an ethernet cable, you’ll see some writing that describes what type of cable is on the inside
– S =
Braided shielding
If you look at the outside of an ethernet cable, you’ll see some writing that describes what type of cable is on the inside
Foil shielding
– Braided shielding around the entire cable and foil around the pairs is
S/FTP
For example ,
– Foil around the cable and no shielding around
the pairs is
F/UTP
this VGA signal is an analog signal. So as you extend this VGA signal beyond ______meters, you’ll see that the screen becomes fuzzier and more difficult to see as that signal degrades.
5 - 10 , DB/DE- 15
- Video and audio stream
–All digital, no analog
–~ 20 meter distance before losing too much signal - 19-pin (Type A) connector
–Proprietary connector
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
. If you’re using the larger ______interface, you’ll notice that there are hooks connected to this particular interface that lock that into place. So you can’t simply pull it out of a ______interface. You’ll need to push down on a release mechanism and then it can easily be removed from that ______interface.
DisplayPort
- Digital information sent in packetized form
–Like Ethernet and PCI Express –Carries both audio and video
- Compatible with HDMI and DVI
–Passive adapter
–DisplayPort -> HDMI
–DisplayPort -> DVI
DisplayPort
- Single and dual link
–Single link; 3.7 Gbps (HDTV at 60 fps)
–Dual link; 7.4 Gbps (HDTV at 85 fps)
–No audio support - ____-A –Analog signals
- ____-D –Digital signals
- ____-I –Integrated –Digital and analog in the same connector
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
is an integrated connection which allows for both digital and analog communication in the same connector.
DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
- ______Revision 1.0
- ______1.5 Gbit/s, 1 meter
SATA
- ______Revision 2.0
- ______3.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter
SATA
- ______Revision 3.2
- ______16 Gbit/s, 1 meter
SATA
- ______Revision 3.0
- ______6.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter
SATA
–Matches the ______version - 2 meters
external SATA
Data Connection:
Single ______cable connects to a single ______port on the motherboard, providing data transfer capabilities for a single storage device.
Power Connection:
Single ______power cable connects to a single ______power port on the storage device, supplying power for that specific storage drive.
SATA
- Very intelligent interface functionality
–Much of the difficult configuration work is done between the __devices - Industry longevity
–Well supported in the enterprise
–A standard drive for virtual systems __ID and logical unit (LUN)
- Every __device on a single bus is assigned a separate ID number
– __ID 0 ( __controller), ID 2 (hard drive), ID 3 (CD-ROM) - Logical units (LUNs) are defined within each __ID
–Separate drives in a storage array or virtual machine - The signal at the “end” of a physical __bus is terminated
–Can be internal to the device or a separate termination device - Serial attached __(SAS) devices have no jumpers, terminators, or settings
SCSI
–Not really “small” any longer
* Originally designed to string many peripherals together onto a single cable/controller
–Up to 16 devices in a __ “chain”
* Many different formats
–Fast __, Ultra __, Ultra Wide __, Ultra2 __,
–Ultra3 __, Ultra-320 __, Ultra-640 __
, –i __ ( __ over IP) * Parallel and serial options __ advantages
* Not just for hard drives
–Scanners, tape drives, CD-ROM drives
* Many devices on a single bus
–8 on narrow bus, 16 on wide bus
SCSI
40 wire cable, the first device that you would connect is referred to as device 0 in the ___standard. And the device connecting on the end of the cable is device 1 .
PATA/ide
The 40 wire cable was the original __cable. And then as we increase the speeds for __, we needed some way to decrease the amount of crosstalk between all of these wires, so we doubled the number of wires while keeping the number of pins on the connectors exactly the same. And this minimizes the crosstalk over these higher speeds that are used over 80 wire cables.
PATA/ide
40 pin connector is symmetrical. So that missing pin allows us to properly orient the cable into the right format when we’re plugging it into that connector. You might also notice there’s a notch at the bottom as well, which also helps when orienting the cable.
PATA/ide
If you have cable television, then you’re probably familiar with the ____This connector is used on a coaxial cable. And it has a threaded connection at the end to physically screw onto the connection so that it can’t easily pull off of the device.
F- Connector
- Registered Jack type 45
- 8 position, 8 conductor (8P8C)
–Modular connector - Ethernet
RJ45 connector
- 6 position, 2 conductor (6P2C)
–Some cables will wire additional conductors
–Telephone or DSL connection
RJ11 connector
- Wire-to-wire patch panel
–No intermediate interface required - Wires are “punched” into the block
–Connecting block is on top - Additional wires punched into connecting block
–Patch the top to the bottom
Punchdown block
- 24-pin double-sided USB connector
–Used for both hosts and devices - Used for USB, Thunderbolt
–Interface is the same, signal can vary
USB-C
- 4-pin peripheral power connector
–AMP MATE-N-LOK
–Provides +12 V and +5 V - Power for many devices in the computer case
–Storage devices –Optical drives
–Fans
–Other peripherals
Molex connector
- Apple proprietary
–8-pin digital signals
–iPhone, iPad, iPod devices - Some advantages over Micro-USB
–Higher power output for phones and tablets
–Can be inserted either way
Lightning
- D-subminiature or D-sub
–The letter refers to the connector size - Commonly used for RS-232
–Recommended Standard 232
–An industry standard since 1969 - Serial communications standard
–Built for modem communication
–Used for modems, printers, mice, networking - Now used as a configuration port
–Management or Console port
DB-9
The __connector is commonly used for switches, routers, and other infrastructure devices
DB-9
- Memory types have changed through the years
–Driven by standardization and technology - One of the most important components of your computer
–Speed, speed, speed - Every motherboard is different
–Check your documentation
RAM (Random Access Memory) slots
–About half the width as a DIMM
- Used in laptops and mobile devices
SO-DIMM / Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module
- The memory on the DIMM
- Dynamic
– Needs constant refreshing
– Without refreshing, the data in memory disappears - Random access
– Any storage location can be accessed directly
– Unlike magnetic tape
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
- ____is synchronous with the common system clock
– Queue up one process while waiting for another
– Classic DRAM didn’t wait for a clock signal
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
- Twice the data rate of DDR2
– Larger chip capacities - Maximum 16 GB per DIMM - No backwards compatibility
– Speed brings sacrifice
Double Data Rate 3 (DDR3) SDRAM
- Speed increases over DDR3
– Faster frequencies
– Maximum 64 GB per DIMM - Again, no backwards compatibility
Double Data Rate 4 (DDR4) SDRAM
- Faster data transfers between the memory module and
motherboard
– Maximum of 64 GB per DIMM - The key has moved - No backwards compatibility
Double Data Rate 5 (DDR5) SDRAM
- Different names - Virtual RAM, swap file, etc.
- Swap currently unused application data to storage
– Free up space for other applications - Managed automatically by the operating system
– Some configuration settings are available
Virtual memory
- Dual-channel, triple-channel, or quad-channel
- Memory combinations should match
– Exact matches are best - Memory module slots are often colored differently
Multi-channel memory
- Used on critical computer systems
– VM servers, database servers, any server - Parity memory
– Adds an additional parity bit
– Won’t always detect an error
– Can’t correct an error - Error Correcting Code (ECC)
– Detects errors and corrects on the fly
– Not all systems use ECC
– It looks the same as non-ECC memory
Memory that checks itself
