Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > 3.7 - Organic naming and Isomerism continued > Flashcards

3.7 - Organic naming and Isomerism continued Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a stereoisomer/structural isomer?

A

Stereoisomers have the same structural formula but have their atoms arranged differently in space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a chiral/asymmetric carbon atom?

A

It is one that has 4 different groups attached to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an optical isomer/enantiomer?

A

Optical isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism.

It’s possible to arrange the groups in two different ways around on a chiral carbon atom so that two different molecules are made (these molecules are called enantiomers or optical isomers)

Enantiomers are mirror images, no matter which way you turn them, they cannot be superimposed. (see page 160 in the revision guide for a picture to help understand the mirror imaging on enantiomers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you locate the chiral carbon atom, then draw an optical isomer?

  • draw the optical isomer of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
A

(see page 160 in the revision guide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is plan-polarised light?

A

Normal light vibrates in all directions. Plane-polarised light light only vibrates in one direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do optical isomers do to plane-polarised light?

A

Optical isomers are optically active - they rotate plane-polarised light.

One enantiomer rotates it in a clockwise direction, and the other rotates it in an anticlockwise direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a racemate (or a racemic mixture)?

A

A racemate (or a racemic mixture) contains equal quantities of each enantiomer of an optically active compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do racemates show any optical activity? Explain your answer.

A

Racemates don’t show any optical activity - the two enantiomers cancel each others light-rotating effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do chemists often react two chiral things together to get a racemic mixture of a chiral product?

A

Because when two molecules react there’s an equal chance of forming each of the enantiomers.

(see page 160 in the revision guide for an example)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three types of structural isomer?

A
  • Chain isomerism
  • Position isomerism
  • Functional group isomerism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a functional group isomer?

A

Functional group isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would aldehydes and ketones of the same chain length be classified as?

A

Functional group isomers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two types of stereoisomerism is there?

A
  • Geometrical (E/Z isomerism)

- Optical isomerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What similar properties do optical isomers have?

A

Optical isomers have similar physical and chemical properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the suffix and prefix of an aldehyde?

A

suffix -> -al

prefix -> formyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an aldehyde’s functional group?

A
  • C = O
    |
    H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of an aldehyde.

A 
Ethanal
      H   O
       |    =
H - C - C - H
       |     
      H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the suffix and prefix of a ketone?

A

suffix -> -one

prefix -> -oxo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a ketone’s functional group?

A
  • C = O

|

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give an example of a ketone.

A 
Propanone
      H   O   H
       |     =    |
H - C - C - C - H
       |           |
      H         H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you name a molecule with two aldehyde groups?

A

put -dial and add an e to the stem (pentanedial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you name a molecule with two ketone groups?

A

put -dione and add an e to the stem (pentane-2,4-dione)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is a racemate formed?

A

A racemate will be formed in a reaction mechanism when a reactant or intermediate has a trigonal planar group in the molecule. It is attacked from both sides by an attacking species.

There is an equal chance of either enantiomer forming so a racemate forms.

No optical activity is seen.

(see page 5 in topic 3.7 in printed out revision guide for a equational diagram)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Draw the mechanism reaction for the addition of HCN to aldehydes and ketones (unsymmetrical).
( for butan-2-one )

A
  • Nucleophilic substitution
  • Forms a racemate
    (see page 5 in topic 3.7 in printed out revision guide for the equation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Aldehydes

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Ketones

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

27
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Carboxylic acids

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

28
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Nitriles

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

29
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Amines

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

30
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Esters

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

31
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Acyl chlorides

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

32
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Amides

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

33
Q

What is the functional group, prefix/suffix and give an example of the homologous series:
Acid Anhydrides

A

(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)

34
Q

What is the order of priority when determining which groups are named with prefix or suffix with these functional groups:

aldehydes
ketones
carboxylic acids
nitriles
amines
esters
amides
carboxylic acid derivative
A

Carboxylic acid > carboxylic acid derivative > nitriles > aldehydes > ketones > alcohols > amines > alkenes > halogenoalkanes

35
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethanal

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

36
Q

Draw the displayed formula for pentanedial

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

37
Q

Draw the displayed formula for propanone

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

38
Q

Draw the displayed formula for pentane-2,4-dione

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

39
Q

Draw the displayed formula for 2-oxopropanoic acid

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

40
Q

Draw the displayed formula for propanoic acid

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

41
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethanedioic acid

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

42
Q

Draw the displayed formula for propylamine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

43
Q

Draw the displayed formula for 2-aminopropanoic acid

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

44
Q

Draw the structural formula for N-methylpropylamine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

45
Q

Draw the structural formula for N-methylpropan-1-amine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

46
Q

Draw the displayed formula for diethylamine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

47
Q

Draw the displayed formula for N-ethylethanamine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

48
Q

Draw the displayed formula for N,N-dimethylpropylamine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

49
Q

Draw the displayed formula for N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

50
Q

Draw the displayed formula for hexane-1,6-diamine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

51
Q

Draw the displayed formula for 1,6-diaminohexane

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

52
Q

Draw the displayed formula for propan-1-amine

A

(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)

53
Q

Draw the displayed formula for butanenitrile

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

54
Q

Draw the displayed formula for 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

55
Q

Draw the displayed formula for methylpropanoate

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

56
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethanoic anhydride

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

57
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethanoic propanoic anhydride

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

58
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethanoyl chloride

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

59
Q

Draw the displayed formula for 2-methylpropanoyl chloride

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

60
Q

Draw the displayed formula for pentanedioyl dichloride

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

61
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethanamide

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

62
Q

Draw the displayed formula for N-methylpropanamide

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

63
Q

Draw the displayed formula for N,N-dimethylpropanamide

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

64
Q

Draw the displayed formula for N,N,2-trimethylpropanamide

A

(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)

Chemistry (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions