3.14 Synthetic routes Flashcards
What are the conditions when making a poly(alkene) from an alkene?
- High pressure
- Catalyst
What are the conditions when making a dihalogenoalkane from an alkene?
Room temperature
What are the conditions when making a diol from a dihalogenoalkane?
Heat under reflux
What are the reagents when making a dihalogenoalkane from an alkene?
Br2
Cl2
What are the reagents when making a diol from a dihalogenoalkane?
KOH aqueous
What is the mechanism when making a dihalogenoalkane from an alkene?
Electrophilic addition
What is the mechanism when making a diol from a dihalogenoalkane?
Nucleophilic substitution
What are the reagents when making a halogenoalkane from an alkene?
HBr
HCl
What are the conditions when making a halogenoalkane from an alkene?
Room temperature
What is the mechanism when making a halogenoalkane from an alkene?
Electrophilic addition
What are the reagents when making a halogenoalkane from an alkane?
Br2
Cl2
What are the conditions when making a halogenoalkane from an alkane?
UV light
What is the mechanism when making a halogenoalkane from an alkane?
Free radical substitution
What are the reagents when making an alkene from a halogenoalkane?
KOH alcoholic
What are the conditions when making an alkene from a halogenoalkane?
Heat under reflux
What is the mechanism when making an alkene from a halogenoalkane?
Elimination
What are the reagents when making an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?
KOH aqueous
What are the conditions when making an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?
Heat under reflux
What is the mechanism when making an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?
Nucleophilic substitution
What are the reagents when making an alkene from an alcohol?
Conc. H2SO4
Con H3PO4
What is the mechanism when making an alkene from an alcohol?
Elimination, dehydration
What are the reagents when making an alcohol from an alkene?
Step 1 - H2SO4
Step 2 - H2O
What is the mechanism when making an alcohol from an alkene?
Step 1 - Electrophilic addition
Step 2 - Hydrolysis
What are the conditions when making an alcohol from an alkene?
Step 2 - warm
What are the reagents when making an alcohol from an aldehyde?
NaBH4
What is the mechanism when making an alcohol from an aldehyde?
Reduction, Nucleophilic substitution
What are the reagents when making an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?
Na2Cr2O7/H+
What are the conditions when making an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?
Heat and distill
What is the mechanism when making an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?
Partial oxidation
What are the reagents when making a ketone from a secondary alcohol?
NaCr2O7/H+
What are the condtions when making a ketone from a secondary alcohol?
Heat
What is the mechanism when making a ketone from a secondary alcohol?
Oxidation
What are the reagents when making an alcohol from a ketone?
NaBH4
What is the mechanism when making an alcohol from a ketone?
Reduction, Nucleophilic addition
What are the reagents when making a hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde?
NaCN + H2SO4
What is the mechanism when making a hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde?
Nucleophilic addition
What are the reagents when making a hydroxynitrile from a ketone?
NaCN + H2SO4
What is the mechanism when making a hydroxynitrile from a ketone?
Nucleophilic addition
What are the reagents when making a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?
(if primary) Na2Cr2O7/H+
What are the conditions when making a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?
Heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
What is the mechanism when making a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?
Oxidation
What are the reagents when making an ester from a carboxylic acid?
Alcohol +. H2SO4