3.7 Mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?
A
Two- exact copy of DNA as parent cell
2
Q
Describe interphase
A
-Cell is not dividing
-DNA replicates
3
Q
Describe prophase
A
- Chromosomes condense and are now visible when stained
- The two centrosomes (replicated in the G2 phase just before prophase) move towards opposite poles
- Spindle fibres begin to emerge from the centrosomes
- The nuclear envelope breaks down into small vesicles
4
Q
Describe metaphase
A
- Centrosomes reach opposite poles
- Spindle fibres continue to extend from centrosomes
- Chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle
- Spindle fibres reach the chromosomes and attach to the centromeres
5
Q
Describe anaphase
A
- The sister chromatids separate at the centromere (the centromere divides in two)
- Spindle fibres begin to shorten
- The separated sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fibres
6
Q
Describe telophase
A
- Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense
- Nuclear envelopes begin to reform around each set of chromosomes
- The spindle fibres break down
7
Q
Describe cell division in prokaryotic cells
A
BINARY FISSION
1. Circular DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach to the cell membrane
2. Plasmids also replicate
3. Cell membrane begins to grow between the two DNA molecules and pinch inward dividing the cytoplasm in two
4. A new cell wall forms between the molecules of DNA dividing the original cell into two identical daughter cells each with a singular copy of DNA and many plasmids
8
Q
Describe viral replication
A
- Attachment proteins attach to host cell
- Inject their nucleic acid into host cell
- Host cells metabolic processes start producing viral components such as enzymes which are assembled into new viruses
9
Q
Describe cytokinesis
A
The cytoplasm divides in two to produce two new cells
