3.7 Globalisation has led to dramatic increases in development for some countries, but also widening development gap extremities and disparities in environmental quality. Flashcards
How do economic measures, both single and composite indices, of development such as income per capita and economic sector balance contrast with measures focused on social development, such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gender Inequality Index (GII), as well as environmental quality indicators like air pollution indices?
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a social development measure that incorporates indicators such as education, life expectancy, and income to assess overall well-being and human development.
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a social development measure that specifically focuses on gender inequality, highlighting disparities between men and women in various aspects of life, including health, education, and political empowerment.
Economic measures, such as income per capita and GDP, focus on economic growth, productivity, and wealth distribution.
Environmental quality indicators, such as air pollution indices, evaluate the state of the environment and its impact on human health and well-being.
Economic measures provide insights into economic performance, while social and environmental measures offer a broader understanding of well-being and sustainability.
Considering multiple dimensions of development is important for a comprehensive assessment of progress and sustainability in a region or country.
How do trends in widening income inequality, both globally and nationally, as measured by the Gini Coefficient, suggest that globalization has created winners and losers for people and physical environments within developed, emerging, and developing economies?
The Gini Coefficient is a measure of income inequality within a society or between different countries, reflecting the unequal distribution of income.
Globalization has created winners and losers within developed, emerging, and developing economies, with certain individuals and regions benefiting more from the opportunities it offers.
Winners in globalization often have access to markets, technology, and capital, leading to increased trade, foreign investment, and employment opportunities in growing sectors.
However, globalization can also contribute to widening income inequality, with factors such as technological advancements, outsourcing, and wealth concentration leading to disparities and leaving certain groups or regions behind.
The impact of globalization on physical environments can be uneven, with economic activities associated with globalization leading to environmental degradation and resource depletion in some regions, particularly affecting communities dependent on natural resources.
Addressing widening income inequality and promoting inclusive and sustainable development is crucial to ensure that the benefits of globalization are more equitably distributed.
How do contrasting trends in economic development and environmental management between global regions since 1970 indicate differential progress that can be related to the outcomes of globalization?
Global regions have experienced diverse patterns of economic growth and environmental sustainability since 1970, reflecting the influence of globalization and other factors.
Some regions have witnessed rapid economic development driven by globalization, attracting foreign investment, industrialization, and integration into global markets.
However, this growth has often come at the expense of environmental sustainability, with pollution, resource depletion, and ecological degradation as consequences.
Other regions have prioritized environmental management and sustainability over rapid economic growth, implementing policies and practices that promote conservation, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and ecological protection.
The contrasting trends highlight the need for a holistic and balanced approach to development, considering social, economic, and environmental dimensions.
Emphasizing sustainable development practices and integrating environmental considerations into economic policies can contribute to more equitable and resilient outcomes in the era of globalization.
