3.4 The global shift has created winners and losers for people and the physical environment Flashcards
What are the impacts of the movement of the global economic center of gravity to Asia, particularly due to the global shift of manufacturing (China) and outsourcing of services (India), on the built environment?
pros
-infrastructure investment - economic shift to asia –> significant infrastructure investment —> enhance connectivity and economic development
-waged work and poverty reduction - growth of manufacturing an service industries in asia –> increased employment opportunities –> poverty reduction –> improved living standards
-education and training - in asia can drive investment
cons
-loss of productive land - rapid industrialization and urbanization –> conversion of productive agriculture into built environment –> loss of valuable resources and potential impacts on food security
-unplanned settlements - influx of migrants and rapid urbanization –> emergence of informal or unplanned settlements –> inadequate infrastructure –> limited access to basic services and social challenges
-environmental and resource pressure - concentration of manufacturing and services –> pressure on natural resources –> pollution/env degradation –> strain ecosystems if sustainability measures are not adequately implemented
What are the major environmental problems faced by some communities in developing countries?
air pollution –> more in developing countries due to industrial emissions, household cooking, heating practices, and vehicular pollution –> can lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and overall deterioration of air quality
water pollution –> rivers, lakes, groundwater –> sig concern in developing communities –> industrial waste, agricultural runoff, inadequate santiation –> waterborne diseases –> limits access to clean water –> neg impacts on aquatic ecosystems
land degradation –> improper land management practices –> deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion –> contribute to land degradation in developing communities –> reduced agricultural productivity, food insecurity, and displacement of local communities
over-exploitation of resources –> unsustainable extract of natural resources –> forests, minerals, fish stocks –> depletion of these resources –> disrupt ecosystems, the environment and livelihoods of dependent communities
loss of biodiversity –> habitat destruction, deforestation, and pollution contribute to loss of biodiversity in many developing areas –> disrupt ecosystems, impact ecological balance, and reduce availability of natural resources
How do environmental problems affect people’s health and well-being?
health risks –> env pollutants and contaminated water –> respiratory diseases, waterborne illnesses, and long-term chronic diseases
food security –> land degradation and loss of biodiversity –> negatively impact agricultural productivity –> reduced food availability –> compromised nutrition for local communities
displacement and social impacts –> env degradation –> force communities to migrate or experience social and economic disruptions –> increased vulnerability, poverty, and social inequality
ecosystem services –>
How do environmental problems affect people’s health and well-being?
health risks –> env pollutants and contaminated water –> respiratory diseases, waterborne illnesses, and long-term chronic diseases
food security –> land degradation and loss of biodiversity –> negatively impact agricultural productivity –> reduced food availability –> compromised nutrition for local communities
displacement and social impacts –> env degradation –> force communities to migrate or experience social and economic disruptions –> increased vulnerability, poverty, and social inequality
ecosystem services –> loss of biodiversity + env degradation –> diminish ecosystem services like clean air, water purification, and climate regulation –> vital for human health and wellbeing
What are the social problems faced by some deindustrialized regions in developed countries as a result of economic restructuring?
dereliction –> abandonment and deteriation of industral infrastructure and buildings –> derelict and vacant spaces –> contribute to sense of decay and blight in the community e.g. detroit
contamination –> former industrial sites may be contaminated with pollutants like hazardous chemical and toxins –> poses health risks to residents and limits redevelopment potential of these areas
depopulation –> economic restructuring + job losses –> lead to population decline bcz ppl migrate in search of employment opportunities elsewhere –> depop can lead to loss of community cohesion, strain local services, and exacerbate social issues
crime –> deinustrailized areas –> increased crime –> due to high unempl, poverty, social dislocation –> unempl and limited econ opportunities –> social unrest, vandalism, and other crime
high unempl –> loss of industrial jobs –> high unemployment rates –> economic hardship –> reduces residents overall quality of life –> long term unemployment can also contribute to social inequality and exclusion
What are the envrionmental problems faced by some deindustrialized regions in developed countries as a result of economic restructuring?
brownfield sites –> abandoned sites often leave behind brownfield areas –> characterized by contanimated soils and water –> poses environmental risks and hindering redevelopment efforts
pollution and environmental degradation –> former industrial activities –> left behind pollution and env damage –> soil and water contam –> air poll –> ecosystem disruption
